Effects of Acute Cocaine Treatment on the Turnover of 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the Rat Brain

Friedman, Eitan; Gershon, Samuel; Rotrosen, John

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07410.x

Cited by 73 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The findings in the present study are supported by our understanding of the pathophysiology of cocaine. Cocaine blocks the reuptake of the biogenic amines serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, 28–30 in this way increasing the availability of these transmitters at the receptor sites and producing the cocaine “high” by increasing neuronal excitability. Over a period of chronic exposure, a dampening effect may be produced by downregulation of the postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a

Chasnoff¹,

Anson²,

Hatcher³

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a longitudinal, prospective study, 95 children born to mothers who used cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy and 75 matched, nonexposed children born to mothers who had no evidence of alcohol or illicit substance use during pregnancy were evaluated for cognitive and behavioral outcome at 6 years of age. Prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs had no direct effect on the child's cognitive outcome (measured as IQ), but it had an indirect effect as mediated through the home environment. However, prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs did have a direct effect on the child's behavioral characteristics at 4-6 years of age, with the home environment having little impact. This study helps us to understand the fragile interaction of biological and environmental factors affecting the cognitive and behavioral development of children prenatally exposed to cocaine and other drugs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a

Chasnoff¹,

Anson²,

Hatcher³

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Repeated administration of cocaine results in alterations of DA transmission at the presynaptic site [27][28][29] and then in the development of postsynaptic DA receptor activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Behavioral Sensitization and Dopamine Release Induced by Cocaine

Lee

Yang

Hahm

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cocaine is a potent and widely abused psychostimulant that exerts behavioral and neuropharmacological effects. Repeated exposure to psychostimulants, including cocaine, can produce behavioral sensitization, as evidenced by an enhanced locomotor response to a subsequent injection of the drug.1) Behavioral sensitization has been implicated in the development of drug addiction and in drug-induced psychosis.2)The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), one of the main central dopaminergic systems, has been implicated in the processes of drug addiction, including behavioral sensitization. 3,4) It has been demonstrated that the development of psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization is associated with alterations of neurotransmission in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.5) For example, many studies have demonstrated that the reinforcing effects of cocaine are related to the blockade of the dopamine reuptake systems, 6) and the consequent increases in the binding of dopamine to its postsynaptic receptors.7) The inhibition of dopamine reuptake has been demonstrated in several brain nuclei, such as the NAc, the striatum, the VTA, and the medial prefrontal cortex.3,8-10) Dopamine receptor antagonists also block the cocaine-induced increases in locomotor activity and stereotypy, the decrease of food intake, 11) and they block the cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking behavior. 12)Several studies have shown that repeated exposure to cocaine produced the expression of c-fos as a neuronal marker for postsynaptic activation and stimulates dopamine release in the NAc. 13,14) The root of Panax ginseng C. A. MAYER, ginseng, has been widely used as an herbal medicine around the world. The major components of ginseng are the ginsenosides (ginseng total saponins: GTS), which have a four-ring, steroid-like structure with sugar moieties.15) Their chemical and pharmacological properties have been reported by investigators in many countries. Moreover, GTS appears to be responsible for most of the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Recently, several studies have suggested that GTS and ginsenosides may act on the central dopaminergic system. 16,17) Many studies have also reported that GTS inhibited the hyperactivity and conditioned place preference of morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Furthermore, they have shown that GTS inhibited the development of the postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity, 16,18,19) and blocked nicotine-induced behavioral activity. 20,21) However, the effects of GTS on cocaine-induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations have not been investigated. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether GTS could affect repeated cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and accumbal Fos-like immunoreactivity using immunohistochemical methods. Also, we examined whether Korea; 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-701, South Korea. Received June 20, 2007; accepted November 2, 2007; published online December 20, 2007 Many stu...

show abstract

“…In fact, even though antiserotoninergic properties have been attributed to co caine [18][19][20][21], some authors suggested that cocaine di rectly activates scrotoninergic receptors at the post-synaptic level [20],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variations in Plasma ACTH, Cortisol and Beta-Endorphin Levels in Cocaine Addicts

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to establish possible alterations in the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis and in ACTH-related opioids in cocaine addicts, plasma ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin levels were measured throughout the day in 9 cocaine addicts [age: 27 ± 5 years (mean ± SE); weight: 72 ± 6.1 kg, duration of cocaine addiction: at least 2 years] on the day of their admission to a recovery community for drug abusers (first test) and after 15 days of abstinence (second test). Nine normal controls (age: 28 + 6 years; weight: 73 ± 3.2 kg) were tested only once in a similar manner. Blood samples were taken at 06.00, 08.00, 10.00, 12.00, 18.00 and 20.00 h and served for hormonal assays. Urine samples were taken from cocaine addicts at 08.00 h on the experimental day and on the following day. Results of both urine assays were positive for cocaine catabolites, indicating cocaine administration during the day before the experimental test. From the day of their admission in the community (1st experimental day), the patients were forbidden to use cocaine. For 4 days after admission, they were treated with symptomatics to attenuate withdrawal symptoms. Thereafter, the patients underwent a washout period of pharmacological treatments for 10 days before being retested (second test). Urine samples taken at 08.00 h on this second experimental day and on the next day were negative for the presence of drug catabolites. During the first test, cocaine addicts showed higher plasma ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin levels than normal controls at all examined time points. However, maximal and minimal secretory periods and the general temporal structure of all hormonal secretions coincided in the two groups. No significant quantitative or qualitative differences in the secretory pattern of ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin were observed between normal controls and cocaine addicts as tested after 15 days of abstinence. The results fail to show alterations in the diurnal hormonal secretory rhythms of ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin in cocaine addicts. The enhancement in the overall ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin secretions in cocaine addicts during the first, but not the second test, may be supposed to depend on recent cocaine self-administration.

show abstract

Effects of Acute Cocaine Treatment on the Turnover of 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the Rat Brain

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a

Inhibitory Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Behavioral Sensitization and Dopamine Release Induced by Cocaine

Diurnal Variations in Plasma ACTH, Cortisol and Beta-Endorphin Levels in Cocaine Addicts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of Acute Cocaine Treatment on the Turnover of 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the Rat Brain

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Yearsa

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Yearsa

Inhibitory Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Behavioral Sensitization and Dopamine Release Induced by Cocaine

Diurnal Variations in Plasma ACTH, Cortisol and Beta-Endorphin Levels in Cocaine Addicts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a

Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs: Outcome at Four to Six Years^a