Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressures and pulse wave characteristics in post-menopausal women

Kim, Danielle Jin-Kwang; Roe, Carly A.; Somani, Yasina; Moore, David; Barrett, Megan A; Flanagan, Michael; Kim‐Shapiro, Daniel B.; Basu, Swati; Muller, Matthew D.; Proctor, David N.

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.008

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In line with previous studies (Kelly et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2019), baseline MAP decreased following nitrate supplementation (Figure 1). During heat stress, MAP remained relatively unchanged in BRJ but progressively declined in CON (Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The magnitude of change in baseline NO metabolite levels and arterial pressures with nitrate supplementation is consistent with previous studies (Kelly et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2019; Wylie et al., 2013); however, the responses of two participants, both of whom reported 100% compliance to the beetroot juice intervention, are deserving of closer inspection. For one female participant, plasma NOx increased to a far lesser extent than the remaining participants, with a post‐supplementation value of 227.8 μmol l −1 compared to an average of 512.1 μmol l −1 among the remaining participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in older individuals during severe ambient heat stress

Cramer

Hieda

Huang

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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This study tested the hypothesis that dietary nitrate supplementation with concentrated beetroot juice attenuates thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain in older individuals during environmental heat stress. Nine healthy older individuals (six females, three males; aged 67 ± 5 years) were exposed to 42.5 ± 0.1 • C and 34.0 ± 0.5% relative humidity conditions for 120 min before (CON) and after 7 days of dietary nitrate supplementation with concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ; 280 ml, ∼16.8 mmol of nitrate daily). Core and skin temperatures, body mass changes (indicative of wholebody sweat loss), skin blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance, forearm blood flow and vascular conductance, heart rate, arterial blood pressures and indices of cardiac function were measured. The 7-day beetroot juice regimen increased plasma nitrate/nitrite levels from 27.4 ± 15.2 to 477.0 ± 102.5 µmol l −1 (P < 0.01) and lowered resting mean arterial pressure from 90 ± 7 to 83 ± 10 mmHg at baseline under thermoneutral conditions (P = 0.02). However, during subsequent heat stress, no differences in core and skin temperatures, skin blood flow and vascular conductance, forearm blood flow and vascular conductance, whole-body sweat loss, heart rate, and echocardiographic indices of systolic function and diastolic filling were evident following nitrate supplementation (all P > 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was lower in BRJ vs. CON during heat stress (treatment-by-time interaction: P = 0.02). Overall, these findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation with concentrated beetroot juice does not attenuate thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in older individuals exposed to severe ambient heat stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in older individuals during severe ambient heat stress

Cramer

Hieda

Huang

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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“…A study by Kim et al (2019) specifically demonstrated aortic SBP and mean BP reduction, after BRJ consumption, in postmenopausal women. BRJ did not restore aortic wall stiffness in these women (Kim et al 2019).…”

Section: Effect On Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most studies investigated BP reduction in younger to middle-aged adults, Raubenheimer et al (2017) also found BP reduction directly after BRJ consumption in healthy elderly people (Raubenheimer et al 2017). A study by Kim et al (2019) specifically demonstrated aortic SBP and mean BP reduction, after BRJ consumption, in postmenopausal women. BRJ did not restore aortic wall stiffness in these women (Kim et al 2019).…”

Section: Effect On Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

Zamani

Joode

Hossein

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Beetroot juice (BRJ) has become increasingly popular amongst athletes aiming to improve sport performances. BRJ contains high concentrations of nitrate, which can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) after consumption. NO has various functions in the human body, including a vasodilatory effect, which reduces blood pressure and increases oxygen-and nutrient delivery to various organs. These effects indicate that BRJ may have relevant applications in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the consumption of BRJ also has an impact on oxygen delivery to skeletal muscles, muscle efficiency, tolerance and endurance and may thus have a positive impact on sports performances. Aside from the beneficial aspects of BRJ consumption, there may also be potential health risks. Drinking BRJ may easily increase nitrate intake above the acceptable daily intake, which is known to stimulate the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC's), a class of compounds that is known to be carcinogenic and that may also induce several other adverse effects. Compared to studies on the beneficial effects, the amount of data and literature on the negative effects of BRJ is rather limited, and should be increased in order to perform a balanced risk assessment.

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“…While historically the oxidation of endogenous l -arginine was thought to be the primary source of nitric oxide production, recently an enterosalivary circuit has been identified wherein ingested nitrate (from, e.g., leafy greens, beetroot) are reduced to nitrite by bacteria in the oral cavity and subsequently to nitric oxide in systemic circulation [ 17 ]. Compelling evidence in humans have shown reduced blood pressure [ 18 , 19 ], enhanced endothelial-dependent vasodilation [ 20 ] and improved exercise performance [ 21 ] with dietary nitrate supplementation. However, the feasibility of dietary nitrate supplementation combined with habitual exercise training is largely unknown in older populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beetroot supplementation in women enjoying exercise together (BEE SWEET): Rationale, design and methods

Baranauskas

Altherr

Gruber

et al. 2021

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

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Background Postmenopausal women exhibit higher rates of disability and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with aging compared to men. Whereas habitual exercise training is a known strategy to enhance physiologic function in men and premenopausal women, exercise-related adaptations are often modest in postmenopausal women. We propose dietary nitrate (beetroot juice) administered prior to exercise training may be a feasible approach to improve mobility and cardio-metabolic health outcomes in postmenopausal women. Methods Our randomized, placebo-controlled study aims to determine preliminary effects sizes for changes in functional mobility and endothelium-dependent vasodilation across three study arms: exercise only (EX), exercise + placebo (EX + PL), and exercise + beetroot (EX + BR). Thirty-six postmenopausal women are recruited in small cohorts wherein group exercise is implemented to facilitate social support and adherence to an 8-week training progression. Participants are randomized to one of three study arms ( n = 12 per group) following baseline assessments. Post-intervention assessments are used to determine pre-post changes in outcome measures including distance covered during a 6 min walk test, walking economy, muscle speed and power, and endothelial-dependent vasodilation as determined by flow-mediated dilation. Measures of feasibility include recruitment, retention, adherence to exercise prescription, perceived exercise session difficulty, and adverse event rates. Discussion Evidence-based, translational strategies are needed to optimize exercise training-related adaptations in postmenopausal women. Findings will inform larger randomized clinical trials to determine if pre-exercise consumption of beetroot juice is an efficacious strategy to promote mobility and attenuate CVD disease risk.

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Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressures and pulse wave characteristics in post-menopausal women

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in older individuals during severe ambient heat stress

Dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in older individuals during severe ambient heat stress

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

Beetroot supplementation in women enjoying exercise together (BEE SWEET): Rationale, design and methods

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