Effects of acute exercise on drug craving in adults with poly-substance use disorder. A randomized controlled trial

Ellingsen, Maren Mikkelsen; Clausen, Thomas; Johannesen, Sunniva Launes; Martinsen, Egil W.; Hallgren, Mats

doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100423

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In a recent exploratory study, we showed that a 12-min bout of moderate-intensity cycling exercise reduced cravings for alcohol, measured with the Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire, improved mood states, and lowered state anxiety among non-treatment-seeking adults with mild to severe AUD ( n = 117; Hallgren, Vancampfort, et al, 2021). Comparable findings have been reported among hospitalized patients with severe alcohol dependence (Brown et al, 2016) and young adults with polysubstance use disorder (Ellingsen et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Do changes in mood and anxiety mediate exercise-induced reductions in alcohol cravings? An exploratory study.

Pechtl,

Abrantes,

Sjöqvist

et al. 2024

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Exercise is increasingly used as adjunct treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Evidence suggests that moderate-to-high-intensity exercise can ameliorate cravings. We explored the potential mediating effects of changes in mood states in the relationship between exercise intensity and alcohol cravings. Method: Secondary analyses of a nested single-arm trial within a randomized controlled trial (FitForChange). In total, 117 sedentary adults (68.4% female, M = 52 ± 12 years) with clinician diagnosed (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition) AUD and indications of craving (Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire) completed a 12-min submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test on a cycle ergometer. Assessments of craving, mood states (POMS), and state anxiety (STAI-Y1) were taken immediately before, after, and 30 min after exercise. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were included as indirect measures of exercise intensity. The med4way command in Stata was used to explore mediating and interaction effects of improvements in total mood disturbance (TMD) and state anxiety. Results: Improvements in mood and anxiety did not mediate the effect of higher exercise intensity on reductions in alcohol craving. A significant reference interaction was found between "hard" (or greater) exertion and anxiety improvements (β = −1.06, 95% CI [−1.50, −0.61]). Participants whose anxiety reduced during exercise had two times higher odds of reduced cravings when exercising at a higher intensity than participants whose anxiety worsened (OR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.12, 3.72]). Conclusions: Reductions in anxiety may partly explain the positive effect of higher exercise intensity on alcohol cravings. The findings are preliminary and require replication in future studies. Public Health Significance StatementAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent and associated with poor somatic and psychiatric health. Exercise interventions are shown to reduce cravings for alcohol in those with AUD, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study found that decreases in state anxiety in those reporting higher exercise intensity were associated with reductions in postexercise alcohol cravings. Findings can inform future exercise-based interventions for AUD.

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mentioning

confidence: 67%

Do changes in mood and anxiety mediate exercise-induced reductions in alcohol cravings? An exploratory study.

Pechtl,

Abrantes,

Sjöqvist

et al. 2024

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…Participants with missing data were entered into the analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 our feasibility study [24]. Sample sizes of ≥21 in each group would provide >80% statistical power (two-tailed α = 0.05, five repeated measures) to detect a small-to-moderate effect of exercise on negative affect.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently demonstrated that acute exercise reduces cravings for drugs among poly-SUD inpatients – effects that lasted 4 h post-exercise [ 25 ]. The current study uniquely focuses on the effects of acute exercise on secondary mental health outcomes, including positive/negative affect, anxiety, and self-esteem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acute Exercise on Affect, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Poly-Substance Dependent Inpatients

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Negative affect and anxiety frequently precede the onset of drug use in those with substance use disorder (SUD). Low self-esteem may increase the risk of relapse. We examined the short-term effects of exercise on affect, anxiety, and self-esteem in inpatients with poly-SUD. Methods: This is a multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) with a crossover design. Thirty-eight inpatients (37.3 ± 6.4 years; 84% male) from three clinics participated in 45 min of soccer, circuit training, and control condition (psychoeducation) in a random order. Positive and negative affect (PANAS), state anxiety (single item), and self-esteem (Rosenberg SE-scale) were measured immediately before, immediately after, 1-h, 2-h, and 4-h post-exercise. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were taken. Effects were assessed using linear mixed effects models. Results: Compared to the control condition, there were significant post-exercise improvements in positive affect (β = 2.99, CI = 0.39: 5.58), self-esteem (β = 1.84, CI = 0.49: 3.20), and anxiety (β = −0.69, CI = −1.34: −0.04) after circuit training (shown) and soccer. Effects persisted 4-h post-exercise. Reductions in negative affect were observed 2-h (circuit training: β = −3.39, CI = −6.35: −1.51) and 4-h (soccer: β = −3.71, CI = −6.03: −1.39) post-exercise, respectively. Conclusion: Moderately strenuous exercise undertaken in naturalistic settings may improve mental health symptoms in poly-SUD inpatients for up to 4-h post-exercise.

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“…Negative physical aspects are characterized by physical weakness, while negative mental aspects include depression, anxiety, and the breakdown of family relationships [ 18 ]. Studies have shown a correlation between reduced quality of life in people with addiction and the physical and psychological consequences of addiction [ 19 ], and various researchers and theorists considered low quality of life as the most important cause of substance abuse relapse [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between beliefs in substance craving and quality of life among narcotics anonymous: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran

et al. 2023

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Background Addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and lasting changes in the brain. Low quality of life may influence the substance craving, which leads to relapsing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between beliefs in substance craving and quality of life among narcotics anonymous. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 202 narcotics anonymous in Kerman, southeastern Iran. Convenience sampling was used to select anonymous patients in the Narcotics Anonymous (NA) association in Kerman city. Narcotics anonymous completed the demographic questionnaire, the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Multiple linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of craving beliefs. The data were then analyzed using SPSS 22. Results The mean age of the participants was 38.48 ± 11.32 years. The majority of the samples were male (86.1%), married (65.4%), educated (93.6%) and urban (86.1%). The mean scores of craving beliefs and overall Quality of Life (QOL) were 77.58 ± 20.70 and 64.42 ± 23.13, respectively. Forty-two-point 1% had high level of craving beliefs. We found a significant negative and weak correlation between beliefs in substance craving, physical health domain (r = -0.16, p = 0.02), and overall quality of life (r = -0.15, p = 0.03). History of crack use, job, and physical health domain of QOL were predictors of beliefs in substance craving among the NAs. Conclusion Based on the study results, the participants had a high level of substance craving, and some aspects of the quality of life had an impact on the beliefs of addiction. However, it is necessary to conduct more studies in this field; psychological interventions and programs to increase the quality of life may reduce the substance craving.

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Effects of acute exercise on drug craving in adults with poly-substance use disorder. A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Do changes in mood and anxiety mediate exercise-induced reductions in alcohol cravings? An exploratory study.

Do changes in mood and anxiety mediate exercise-induced reductions in alcohol cravings? An exploratory study.

Effects of Acute Exercise on Affect, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Poly-Substance Dependent Inpatients

The relationship between beliefs in substance craving and quality of life among narcotics anonymous: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran

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