Effects of Acute Intravenous Infusion of Apelin on Left Ventricular Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure

Wang, Mengjun; Gupta, Ramesh C.; Rastogi, Sharad; Kohli, Smita; Sabbah, Michael S.; Zhang, Kefei; Mohyi, Paula; Hogie, Manuela; Fischer, Yvan; Sabbah, Hani N.

doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.05.004

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Apelin production falls when HF becomes chronic or more severe [76]. An example of this fall is the reduction of the myocardial level of apelin observed in the dog with an advanced HF induced with microembolization of a coronary artery [78]. The biphasic changes in apelin release are in line with the general opinion that in the early stages of HF, factors activating the force of contraction, as e.g.…”

Section: Apelin In Heart Failuresupporting

confidence: 61%

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Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

et al. 2015

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Apelin is an endogenous peptide acting on the APJ receptor. It consists of several isoforms characterised by different numbers of aminoacids. The number of aminoacids in the active isoforms range from 36 to 12. Apelin-13 and, to a lesser extent, apelin-36 are considered the most active isoforms with the greatest activity on the cardiovascular homeostasis. The effects normally exerted by the basal level of endogenous apelin, can be enhanced not only by its up-regulation, but may also by its exogenous administration. The present review considers the effects of apelin on various aspects of the cardiovascular function, such as cardiac development, vasomotor tone, angiogenesis, myocardial inotropy in healthy and failing hearts as well as the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Also the biphasic changes of apelin level during the evolution of heart failure are considered. Although the positive inotropic effect exerted by apelin in normal and failing hearts would suggest the use of this peptide in the treatment of heart failure, the limited duration and extent of its effect do not support this possibility, unless a long lasting (6 hours) infusion is performed to overcome the limit of its short life. However, although the data on the characteristics of the inotropic activity do not provide a strong support for the treatment of active heart failure, apelin may be used in the prevention of heart failure because of its activity in limiting the consequences of myocardial ischemia such as infarct size and cardiac remodeling. KeywordsApelin/APJ system, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, contractility, cardiac protection, Reninangiotensin system 2 The apelin/APJ system Apelin In 1998 Tatemoto et al. discovered the endogenous peptide capable of binding the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) APJ [1,2], which at that time was considered an orphan receptor becaue its ligand was unknown. The just discovered ligand was called, apelin e.g APj Endogenous LIgaNd. Apelin is expressed in hearts, lungs, kidneys, liver, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, brain, adrenal glands, endothelium, and human plasma. The gene of apelin is located on chromosome X [3] and encodes a 77 aminoacid sequence called pre-pro-apelin [4]. Upon cleavage by a family of endopeptidases, pre-pro-apelin generates several C-terminal fragments of various size, which are classified on the basis of the number of aminoacids. The active isoforms range from 36 to 12 aminoacids. As fragments shorter than 12 aminoacids are biologically inactive, it appears evident that the Cterminal 12 aminoacids are essential for receptor binding, whereas the N-terminal sequence modulates the interaction with the receptor [5]. At present it is recognized that, although different isoforms display similar functions, active isoforms differ in tissue distribution, potency and receptor binding affinity [6]. Apelin-13 and, to a lesser extent, apelin-36 have been considered the most active isoforms with the greatest activity on the cardi...

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Section: Apelin In Heart Failuresupporting

confidence: 61%

“…For this reason it has been suggested as a tool for the treatment of heart failure (HF) [76,70,24,67,77,78]. However, the results of various investigations arise some doubts about this proposal.…”

Section: Inotropic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

et al. 2015

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“…4 In a recent study, exogenous administration of apelin improved of left ventricular systolic function in dogs with advanced heart failure. 23 In 2008, Azizi et al investigated the effect of hypertonic saline infusion or water loading on osmolality, apelin and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Increasing plasma osmolality was accompanied by a parallel, linear increase in plasma AVP concentration and by a decrease in plasma apelin concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between apelin levels, echocardiographic findings and carotid intima media thickness in peritoneal dialysis patients

et al. 2015

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Apelin expressed in endothelial and other tissues including brain and kidney is an adipocytokine defined recently and is emerging an important mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to test whether apelin levels might be associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Patients and methods: Fifty peritoneal dialysis patients (25 female, mean age 41.4 ± 11.9 years, mean dialysis vintage 65.0 ± 35.4 months) and 18 healthy individuals (9 female, mean age 41.7 ± 6.8 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum apelin 12 levels, echocardiographic findings and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were recorded as well as clinical and laboratory data. Results: There were no differences between the patient and the control groups with regard to demographic characteristics. In patient group, LVMI, CIMT, CRP and apelin levels were elevated compared to control group. However there was no association between apelin, LVMI and CIMT. There was a positive correlation between apelin and CRP, which was not statistically significant. When patients were divided into two groups according to the mean serum apelin levels, LVMI, CIMT and CRP were higher in the high apelin group but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: We observed an increased inflammation and CVD risk in peritoneal dialysis patients. However, serum apelin levels seem not to be associated with cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.

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“…These dynamics are considered to be an attempt to compensate and increase the contractile force of the failing heart [22], but these effects are progressively altered in the course of heart failure. These assumptions were made after observing the effects of experimental iv administration of apelin to animals and humans with heart failure: it acts as a potent inotrope and increases the contractility of the heart, the ejection fraction and the cardiac output and lowers the left ventricle diastolic pressure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum level of apelin-13 negatively correlated with NT-proBNP in heart failure patients

Goidescu

Anton

Leucuţa

et al. 2016

Revista Romana De Medicina De Laborator

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Background: Apelin is a potent endogenous inotropic peptide with a major role in counteracting the aldosterone and angiotensin II and their negative effects on the cardiovascular system. The exact role of apelin in the pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of apelin-13with clinical and paraclinical characteristics in HF patients as well as studying its dynamics during the course of the heart failure. Method: We performed a prospective observational cohort single-center study. We compared the baseline serum levels of apelin-13 and NT-proBNP level in 53 heart failure patients (acute heart failure, chronic compensated heart failure and chronic decompensated heart failure). We divided the patients according to the apelin-13 level: above and below the median, and we analyzed the relationship between serum apelin-13 and the clinical, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and biological parameters. Twenty patients were followed-up (after an average time interval of 9 months), investigating the same parameters. Results: The median of apelin-13 was 495pg/mL . We found strong, negative correlation between the serum levels of apelin-13 and p<0.001). For the reassessed patients the median apelin level was significantly higher at follow-up (460 pg/mL, IQR 342-871 pg/mL) as compared with the baseline level (395 pg/mL, IQR 270-603 pg/mL), p=0.019, and maintained the negative correlation with p<0.001

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Effects of Acute Intravenous Infusion of Apelin on Left Ventricular Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system

The relation between apelin levels, echocardiographic findings and carotid intima media thickness in peritoneal dialysis patients

Serum level of apelin-13 negatively correlated with NT-proBNP in heart failure patients

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