“…To study this neural change detection system, we have previously examined change-related cortical responses that were specifically evoked by a new sensory event (Tanaka et al, 2008, 2009a; Inui et al, 2010a, b, 2012, 2013, 2018; Nishihara et al, 2011; Takeuchi et al, 2017, 2018). Similar change-related responses are identified in the auditory system (Jones, 1991; Akiyama et al, 2011; Yamashiro et al, 2011a; Ohoyama et al, 2012; Otsuru et al, 2012; Nakagawa et al, 2014), visual system (Urakawa et al, 2010a, b), and tactile system (Yamashiro et al, 2008, 2009, 2011b; Otsuru et al, 2011; Kodaira et al, 2013). Because change-related responses depend on the magnitude of the change in the sensory stimulus (Inui et al, 2010a, b; Nishihara et al, 2011; Yamashiro et al, 2011a), the length of the preceding control stimulus being compared (Inui et al, 2010a; Akiyama et al, 2011; Yamashiro et al, 2011a), and the probability of the control and change stimulus (Inui et al, 2010b; Ohoyama et al, 2012), the generation of change-related responses is based on sensory memory and comparison processes.…”