Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults

Bernstein, David I.; Edwards, Kathryn M.; Dekker, Cornelia L.; Belshe, Robert B.; Talbot, H. Keipp; Graham, Irene; Noah, Diana L.; He, Fenhua; Hill, Heather

doi:10.1086/527489

Cited by 185 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results from the first clinical trials of unadjuvanted H5N1 vaccines were disappointing in terms of immunogenicity (1). However, substantial improvements have been seen in trials with the adjuvanted formulations specifically using the new-generation oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvants, which have induced significantly higher antibody responses to low antigen-content vaccines (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MF59 has been tested with H5 and H9 influenza vaccines and showed promising results; an ability to potentiate and increase the breadth of the immune response induced by low-antigen-content vaccines (2,5). It has been shown that alum and MF59 induce the secretion of a range of cytokines associated with recruitment of innate immune cells to the injection site (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

Ellebedy¹,

Lupfer

Ghoneim³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

Ellebedy¹,

Lupfer

Ghoneim³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The challenge posed by poorly immunogenic and antigenically diverse avian influenza viruses (e.g. H5N1) led to a number of developments in adjuvents that provide enhanced immunogenicity as well as broad cross-clade protection and allow antigen-sparing strategies [63,64]. The unpredictable nature of pandemics implies monitoring and preparedness to immunize against a range of potential pandemic candidates, knowing fully well that predicting the vagaries of influenza virus behavior is well-nigh impossible, as we saw with the unexpected emergence of H1N1v as a pandemic.…”

Section: Challenges For Immunologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21^st century

Peiris

Yen

2009

Eur J Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel H1N1 virus of swine origin (H1N1v ) is currently spreading in humans, giving rise to the first pandemic in 40 years. The disease is of moderate severity but has notable differences from seasonal influenza. In contrast to seasonal influenza, those over 60 years are relatively spared, a likely consequence of the presence of H1N1v crossneutralizing antibody in this age group. Most patients appear to have mild influenza-like illness and many of the complications leading to hospitalization and mortality occur in those with underlying disease conditions or pregnancy. Studies in animal models suggest that the novel H1N1v pandemic virus causes a more severe illness and appears to have a greater predilection for the alveolar epithelium than seasonal influenza viruses. As there are as yet little data on the pathogenesis and immunology of H1N1v infection in humans, we have reviewed relevant data from past pandemics, from seasonal influenza and avian influenza H5N1 to highlight key issues pertaining to pathogenesis and immunology.Key words: H1N1 . Immunology . Influenza . Pandemic . Pathogenesis Introduction A novel H1N1 virus originating in swine recently emerged as the first influenza pandemic of the 21 st century [1]. As the 20 th century saw three influenza pandemics, in 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2), and the historical record indicates that there were approximately three to four influenza-like pandemics every century, going back to 1500 AD [2], the emergence of a pandemic 40 years after the last in 1968 was hardly a surprise. Its nature and origins however, were unexpected. This review summarizes the emergence of this pandemic, clinical features of the disease and its pathogenesis, and also highlights the key questions for immunological research. The virus and the birth of pandemicsPandemic influenza is caused by type A influenza viruses and these are single-stranded RNA viruses with an eight-segmented genome. Type A influenza viruses are subtyped on the basis of antigenic relationships of the virus surface glycoproteins, the HA and neuraminidase (NA), into 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes. The HA and NA are the key antigens to which protective antibody responses are directed and there is minimal serological crossprotection across HA subtypes. All 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes are present in the aquatic avian reservoir while a more restricted range of subtypes are endemic in other species such as pigs (H1, H3) and horses (H3, H7). Pandemics were believed to arise when a virus with a novel HA subtype (sometimes together with a novel NA) adapts to efficient transmission in humans [3]. The recent H1N1 pandemic arose from a swine H1N1 virus adapting to human transmission without genetic reassortment with current 2946Review human influenza viruses, i.e. all eight gene segments of the animal virus adapted to human transmission [4,5]. Aspects of the evolution of viruses in pigs and how these contributed to the genesis of the current pandemic virus have been reviewed elsewhere [6].Since previous pandemics arose from a su...

show abstract

“…The MF59 oil‐in‐water emulsion adjuvant used in Novartis’ licensed seasonal influenza vaccine for the elderly, Fluad ® , has been shown to increase immune responses to H5N1 after both homologous vaccination as well as after heterologous vaccination with a non‐pathogenic H5N3 virus‐derived vaccine 50 , 51 . Another proprietary oil‐in‐water emulsion‐based adjuvant has been developed by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK) and has been tested in an H5N1 prototype vaccine formulation 52 .…”

Section: Adjuvanted Pandemic Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines

Saville

Marsh

Hoffenbach

2008

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Challenges facing seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination include: increasing the immunogenicity of seasonal vaccines for the most vulnerable, increasing vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza, and developing vaccines against pandemic strains that are immunogenic with very low quantities of antigen to maximize the number of people who can be vaccinated with a finite production capacity. We review Sanofi Pasteur’s epidemic and pandemic influenza research and development programmes with emphasis on two key projects: intradermal influenza vaccine for seasonal vaccination of both elderly and younger adults, and pandemic influenza vaccine.

show abstract

Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults

Abstract: ClincalTrials.gov identifier: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00280033?term= NCT00280033&rank=1 NCT00280033 .

Cited by 185 publications

References 13 publications

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21^st century

Improving seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults

Abstract: ClincalTrials.gov identifier: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00280033?term= NCT00280033&rank=1 NCT00280033 .

Cited by 185 publications

References 13 publications

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

Inflammasome-independent role of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the adjuvant effect of MF59

A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21st century

Improving seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21^st century