Effects of adult salinity acclimation on larval survival and early development of <i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i> and <i>Strongylocentrotus pallidus</i> (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Roller, Richard A.; Stickle, William B.

doi:10.1139/z94-262

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This effect was unequivocally not genetic since fathers were able to alternate between the production of hyposaline-tolerant spermatozoa and normal sperm depending on the environment in which they lived. In conclusion, gamete plasticity in response to stress, may be a typical characteristic of external fertilizers that release their sperm directly into the environment (e.g., most marine invertebrates, most fish, and amphibians), which is in line with some papers reported in the literature (Adriaenssens, van Damme, Seebacher, & Wilson, 2012;Hintz & Lawrence, 1994;Parker et al, 2012;Roller & Stickle, 1994) and less common in internal fertilizers, but this remains to be tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular effects on spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialisexposed to hyposaline conditions

Lettieri

Maione

Ranauda

et al. 2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Salinity represents a critical environmental and an ecological factor in the reproduction of marine species. As global climate changes and anthropogenic factors affect salinity, in this study, we have analyzed the responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis spermatozoa to hyposaline stress. We exposed mussels, in laboratory tanks, for 24 hr at 18°C to control (35.9 psu) and three hyposaline (17.1, 22.6, and 26.2 psu) conditions, and evaluated the expression of sperm hsp70 and protamine‐like proteins genes. Further we analyzed the electrophoretic pattern, the DNA binding and the release from sperm nuclei of protamine‐like proteins. For all experimental approaches used, the results obtained at 17.1 psu condition were very similar to those obtained in the control condition, while alterations were always recorded at 22.6 and 26.2 psu conditions. Particularly, at 22.6 and 26.2 psu, was observed: 42.5‐ and 17.1‐fold increase in hsp70 expression, respectively, and hypoexpression of PL‐II/PLIV protamine‐like proteins genes. Further, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and salt‐induced release of nuclear proteins from sperm nuclei, revealed alterations in the PL proteins/DNA binding, in these two hyposaline conditions. The similarity between the results obtained in control and in the more severe hyposaline condition (17.1 psu) could indicate a phenomenon of fertility preservation strategy due to gamete plasticity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular effects on spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialisexposed to hyposaline conditions

Lettieri

Maione

Ranauda

et al. 2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…Overall, we suspect that the effects we observed here are widespread among marine invertebrates with external fertilizationthere are strong indications that such effects occur in both other species of annelid and in echinoderms and molluscs (Tait, Atapattu & Browne 1984;Hintz & Lawrence 1994;Roller & Stickle 1994;Parker et al 2012), we eagerly await further studies exploring the prevalence of gamete plasticity in this group.…”

Section: O N S E Q U E N C E S O F T R a N S G E N E R A T I O N A mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similarly, one study has shown that mothers increase the target size of their eggs to make them more easily fertilized when the local density of males is low and the probability of sperm limitation is high (Crean & Marshall ). Finally, some studies have shown that the negative effects of low salinity on fertilization rates are diminished when adults are first kept in lower salinity conditions (Tait, Atapattu & Browne ; Hintz & Lawrence ; Roller & Stickle ), suggesting that some gamete plasticity has occurred in one or both gamete types but the consequences of this plasticity for later life‐history stages remain unclear. These consequences are particularly important to explore given the increased recognition of the role of both maternal and paternal effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive maternal and paternal effects: gamete plasticity in response to parental stress

2013

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Summary1. Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity is increasingly recognized as an important buffer of environmental change -many studies show that mothers alter the phenotype of their offspring so as to maximize their performance in their local environment. Fewer studies have examined the capacity of parents to alter the phenotype of their gametes to cope with environmental change. In organisms that shed their gametes externally, gametes are extremely vulnerable to local stresses and transgenerational plasticity in the phenotypes of gametes seems likely in this group. 2. In a marine tubeworm, Hydroides diramphus, we manipulated the salinity environment that mothers and fathers experienced before reproduction and then examined the phenotype of their gametes, as well as the performance of those gametes and the resultant larvae in different salinities. 3. We found strong evidence for gamete plasticity -both mothers and fathers adaptively adjust the phenotype of their gametes to maximize the performance of those gametes in the salinity regime experienced by their parents. Parents were quite flexible in the phenotype of gametes that they produced: they could switch the salinity tolerance of their gametes back and forth depending on their most recent experience. 4. Gamete plasticity was not without risks, however. We observed strong trade-offs in performance when gametes experienced an environment that did not match that of their parents. These effects of the parental environment persist for the duration of the larval phase such that larvae may not be able to disperse to environments that do not match their parents. Gamete plasticity may therefore represent an important source of phenotype-environment mismatches. 5. Gamete plasticity may represent an important mechanism for coping with environmental change and an important source of maternal and paternal effects in species with external fertilization. Studies that seek to predict the impacts of stresses that persist across generations (e.g. ocean acidification) should include parental exposures to the stress of interest.

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“…The main objective of this study was to determine effects of short-term and developmental acclimation on adult salinity tolerance for a rapidly colonizing species, the copepod Eurytemora affinis. While some studies examined effects of salinity on development rate and tolerance of invertebrates (Roller and Stickle 1994;Walker and Clare 1994;Wright et al 1996), effects of developmental salinity on adult performance or tolerance have rarely been tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Developmental Acclimation on Adult Salinity Tolerance in the Freshwater‐Invading Copepod Eurytemora affinis

Lee¹,

Petersen²

2003

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Invasive species are commonly thought to have broad tolerances that enable them to colonize new habitats, but this assumption has rarely been tested. In particular, the relative importance of acclimation (plasticity) and adaptation for invasion success are poorly understood. This study examined effects of short-term and developmental acclimation on adult salinity tolerance in the copepod Eurytemora affinis. This microcrustacean occurs in estuarine and salt marsh habitats but has invaded freshwater habitats within the past century. Effects of short-term acclimation were determined by comparing adult survival in response to acute versus gradual salinity change to low salinity (fresh water). Effects of developmental acclimation on adult tolerance were determined using a split-brood 4 x 2 factorial experimental design for one brackish-water population from Edgartown Great Pond, Massachusetts. Twenty full-sib clutches were split and reared at four salinities (fresh, 5, 10, and 27 practical salinity units [PSU]). On reaching adulthood, clutches from three of the salinity treatments (no survivors at fresh) were split into low- (fresh) and high- (40 PSU) salinity stress treatments, at which survival was measured for 24 h. Short-term acclimation of adults did not appear to have a long-term affect on low-salinity tolerance, given that gradual transfers to fresh water enhanced survival relative to acute transfers in the short term (after 7 h) but not over a longer period of 8 d. Developmental acclimation had contrasting effects on low- versus high-salinity tolerance. Namely, rearing salinity had a significant effect on tolerance of high-salinity (40 PSU) stress but no significant effect on tolerance of low-salinity (freshwater) stress. In addition, there was a significant effect of clutch on survival under freshwater conditions, indicating a genetic component to low-salinity tolerance but no significant clutch effect in response to high salinity. While developmental acclimation might enhance survival at higher salinities, the minimal effect of acclimation and significant effect of clutch on low-salinity tolerance suggest the importance of natural selection during freshwater invasion events.

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Effects of adult salinity acclimation on larval survival and early development of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular effects on spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialisexposed to hyposaline conditions

Molecular effects on spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialisexposed to hyposaline conditions

Adaptive maternal and paternal effects: gamete plasticity in response to parental stress

Effects of Developmental Acclimation on Adult Salinity Tolerance in the Freshwater‐Invading Copepod Eurytemora affinis

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