Effects of advanced carbohydrate counting in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Schmidt, Signe; Schelde, B.; Nørgaard, Kirsten

doi:10.1111/dme.12446

Cited by 84 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…This analysis revealed a trend towards an improvement in HbA1c of 0.35% points but this was not significant. These findings are supported by Schmidt et al (2014) who reviewed a further 21 observational studies and also concluded that there was a lack of evidence to support carbohydrate counting as the only method of insulin dosing. As discussed carbohydrate type and other macronutrients impact insulin dose and delivery.…”

Section: Long-term Glycemic Control (Hba1c)mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Similarly, Trento et al (2011) revealed an additional reduction in HbA1c of − 0.6% points (p b 0.05) over 30 months with the introduction of carbohydrate counting into their usual diabetes education program. Studies have shown that the use of an automated bolus calculator may assist patients with the complex calculations and provide additional benefits over manual carbohydrate counting in patients using CSII (Enander, Gundevall, Strongren, Chaplin, & Hanas, 2012;Schmidt, Schelde, & Nørgaard, 2014) and MDI (Anderson, 2009;Rabbone et al, 2014). However, not all studies reporting a benefit with carbohydrate counting included a control group making interpretation difficult (Dias et al, 2010;Lowe et al, 2008;Marigliano et al, 2013;Rossi et al, 2010;Samann, Muhlhauser, Bender, Kloos, & Muller, 2005).…”

Section: Long-term Glycemic Control (Hba1c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes

Bell

King

Shafat

et al. 2015

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

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Section: Long-term Glycemic Control (Hba1c)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Long-term Glycemic Control (Hba1c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes

Bell

King

Shafat

et al. 2015

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

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“…Counting carbohydrates leans upon 3 basic facts.Clinical studies have shown that carbohydrates are the main factor that effects the postprandial blood glucose level and determines the need of insulin.Carbohydrates are transformed into glucose in 2 hours after the ingestion and they get into systemic circulation from the first 15 min.Postprandial glycemic response and need of insulin levels are determined by total carbohydrate amount that is ingested rather than the kind of carbohydrate [3–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Carbohydrate Counting Method in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Son

Efe

Son

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Objective. The results from Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) have propounded the importance of the approach of treatment by medical nutrition when treating diabetes mellitus (DM). During this study, we tried to inquire carbohydrate (Kh) count method's positive effects on the type 1 DM treatment's success as well as on the life quality of the patients. Methods. 22 of 37 type 1 DM patients who applied to Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, had been treated by Kh count method and 15 of them are treated by multiple dosage intensive insulin treatment with applying standard diabetic diet as a control group and both of groups were under close follow-up for 6 months. Required approval was taken from the Ethical Committee of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, as well as informed consent from the patients. The body weight of patients who are treated by carbohydrate count method and multiple dosage intensive insulin treatment during the study beginning and after 6-month term, body mass index, and body compositions are analyzed. A short life quality and medical research survey applied. At statistical analysis, t-test, chi-squared test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results. There had been no significant change determined at glycemic control indicators between the Kh counting group and the standard diabetic diet and multiple dosage insulin treatment group in our study. Conclusion. As a result, Kh counting method which offers a flexible nutrition plan to diabetic individuals is a functional method.

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“…[26] While some systematic reviews call into question the utility of CC in type 1 diabetics on factors such as glycemic control, weight, psychosocial factors, others suggests CC as beneficial for both type 1 and 2 diabetics. [9,11,15,27] Although medical management may not change based on blood sugar or CC in Type 2 diabetes, it is an important tool to manage their blood sugars. As the disease progresses, even type 2 diabetics may need insulin therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate knowledge in diabetic emergency department patients at an academic institution

Dalawari

Sprowls

Moran

et al. 2017

JHA

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects 12.3% of the U.S. population and is responsible for $245 billion in annual costs. Knowledge about their disease is an important part of patients' self-management. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the baseline level of knowledge of patients with diabetes in this emergency department (ED), including behaviors related to healthy eating such as carbohydrate counting (CC). Methods: This was a cross sectional interview survey conducted at an academic tertiary center. An 8-item survey was developed to assess areas of diabetes self-care and carbohydrate knowledge. Trained research assistants approached all medically stable, non-pregnant ED patients with a past medical history of diabetes for participation. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysis were used. Results: Of the 115 patients approached, 98 were willing to participate; 54% were using insulin and 68% were female. The average age was 55 (SD +/-14) years and diagnosed for an average of 12 (SD +/-10) years. Fifty three percent did not check their morning blood sugar. Only 20% could accurately state the target hemoglobin A1c. While 48% of participants could relate the importance of carbohydrates to blood sugar, only 5% could state the number of grams of carbohydrates in a slice of bread. Only 1 participant correctly answered all 4 of the carbohydrate questions. Higher education and more visits with a nutritionist were associated with carbohydrate knowledge. Conclusions: Carbohydrate knowledge among this ED population was poor. Opportunities exist for patient education.

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Effects of advanced carbohydrate counting in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Cited by 84 publications

References 45 publications

The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes

The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes

Investigation on Carbohydrate Counting Method in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Carbohydrate knowledge in diabetic emergency department patients at an academic institution

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