Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86

Crawford, Charles G.; Wangsness, David J.

doi:10.3133/ofr88335

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…NH; concentrations have decreased and NO, concentrations increased from 1974 to 1991 as a result of adding an oxidation step to convert NH; to NO, during wastewater processing. Also, trends in N species of the White River, Indiana show the same pattern following the use of advanced wastewater treatment (Crawford and Wangsness, 1993). Advanced wastewater treatment has increased the dissolved oxygen in rivers and reduced the number of fish kills.…”

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confidence: 74%

Trends in nutrients

1996

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The roles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as key nutrients determining the trophic status of water bodies are examined, and evidence reviewed for trends in concentrations of N and P species which occur in freshwaters, primarily in northern temperate environments. Data are reported for water bodies undergoing eutrophication and acidification, especially water bodies receiving increased nitrogen inputs through the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen oxides (NO,). Nutrient loading on groundwaters and surface freshwaters is assessed with respect to causes and rates of change, relative rates of change for N and P, and implications of change for the future management of lakes. rivers and groundwaters. In particular, the nature and emphasis of studies for N species and P fractions in lakes versus rivers and groundwaters are contrasted. This review paper primarily focuses on results from North America and Europe, particularly for the UK where a wide range of data sets exists. Few nutrient loading data have been published on water bodies in less developed countries; however, some of the available data are presented to provide a global perspective. In general, N and P concentrations have increased dramatically (>20 times background concentrations) in many areas and causes vary considerably, ranging from urbanization to changes in agricultural practices. Phosphorus transformations generally operate over a longer time-scale than those of N, occur in fewer steps, and are strongly linked to the cycling of sediments (see Figure 2). Mechanisms of P transfer are relatively simple, involving assimilation and dissimilation by biota, immobilization through complexation and chelation, mobilization through the hydrolysis of bivalent and trivalent cations, and adsorption to sediments. Phosphorus does not undergo redox reactions within its cycle. Geochemical fluxes of P are 266 A. L. HEATHWAITE, P. J. JOHNES AND N. E. PETERS WATER m ATMOSPHERIC & bacterial decomposition HYDROSPHERIC y c / i s s i m i / a t i > SOIL BIOTA Organic \ assimilation/ e,g, SEDIMENTS (Fe3+, A13+) synthesis Kaolinite metal complexes nonmetal complexes (Fe3+, AP+) (Ca2+, MI-?+) nonmetal complexes orthophoshates (Ca'+. Mn2+) (H3P04 HzP04-orthophoshates HPO,~-, po43-) (H, PO, H, PO; HPO,~-. ~0~3 -I e.g. Kaolinite metal complexes \ Figure 2. Phosphorus cycle dependent on suspended sediment transport in water bodies and dust emissions to the atmosphere. The rate and magnitude of both fluxes are small. Newman (1995) suggests that phosphorus in the atmosphere from fine soil particles and the burning of plant material, coal and oil varies from 0.7 to 1.7 kgP ha-' yr-', with input rates showing marked spatial variations. Newman (1995) also suggests that P released through weaihering processes may produce yields from 0.05 to 1*0kgPha--' yr-', with rates reaching a high of 5 kg Pha-' yr-' in some locations. In the UK, several meres of the Shropshire glacial plain are considered to be naturally eutrophic as a result of weathering of deposits of P-rich minerals, such as ap...

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confidence: 74%

Trends in nutrients

1996

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“…The effluent from the upgraded wastewater-treatment plants had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia and 5-day BOD and significantly higher concentrations of nitrate than the effluent from the original plants. The Seasonal Wilcoxon-MannWhitney ran-sum test (Crawford et al 1983) was used to test the statistical significance of these changes. Probability levels were less than 0.01 for all changes based on this test.…”

Section: Changes In Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Selected Diversity, Similarity, and Biotic Indices for Detecting Changes in Benthic-Invertebrate Community Structure and Stream Quality

Lydy

Crawford

Frey

2000

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Implementation of advanced wastewater treatment at the two municipal wastewater-treatment plants for Indianapolis, Indiana, resulted in substantial improvement in the quality of the receiving stream and significant changes in the benthic-invertebrate community. Diversity, similarity, and biotic indices were compared to determine which indices best reflected changes in the composition of the biota in the river. None of the indices perfectly reflected the changes in river quality or community structure. Similarity indices, especially percentage similarity, exhibit the most promise of the three classes of indices. Diversity indices were least useful, wrongly indicating that water quality deteriorated after the upgrade of the wastewater-treatment plants. The most descriptive tool in analyzing the data was the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa present. Using a mixture of indices and other analytical tools, such as EPT, in the analysis of biological data will ensure the most effective investigations of water quality.

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“…Discharges from combined-sewer systems, stormwater drains, municipal wastewater-treatment facilities, industrial sources, and surface-water runoff can degrade receiving waters by increasing the concentrations of metals, organic compounds, and nutrients (Crawford and others, 1992;Crawford and Wangsness, 1993;Martin and Craig, 1990;Martin, 1995;W.W. Stone, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1997).…”

Section: Benthic Invertebrates and Quality Of Streambed Sediments In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sampling sites in the study area, White River near Waverly (WRWAVE-6) and White River at Henderson Bridge (WRHEND-18), both in Morgan County, are away from the most urban areas yet are affected to some degree by urban activities in Indianapolis (Crawford and Wangsness, 1993). (table 1).…”

mentioning

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Benthic invertebrates and quality of streambed sediments in the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana, 1994-96

Voelker¹,

Renn²

2000

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Contents v Conversion Factors and Abbreviations Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer square mile (mi 2) 2.590 square kilometer Concentrations of chemical constituents in sediment are given in metric units. Chemical concentrations are given in grams per kilogram (g/kg), milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), micrograms per gram (µg/g), or micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg). Grams per kilogram is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents as weight (grams) per unit weight (kilogram) of sediment.

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Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Trends in nutrients

Trends in nutrients

A Comparison of Selected Diversity, Similarity, and Biotic Indices for Detecting Changes in Benthic-Invertebrate Community Structure and Stream Quality

Benthic invertebrates and quality of streambed sediments in the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana, 1994-96

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