Effects of aerobic exercise on the blood pressure, oxidative stress and eNOS gene polymorphism in pre-hypertensive older people

Abstract

The polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are associated with reduced eNOS activity. Aerobic exercise training (AEX) may influence resting nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AEX on the relationship among blood pressure, eNOS gene polymorphism and oxidative stress in pre-hypertensive older people. 118 pre-hypertensive subjects (59 ± 6 years) had blood samples collected after a 12 h overnight fast for assessing plasma NO metabolites (NOx) assays, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T-BARS) and superoxide dismutase activity (ecSOD). eNOS polymorphism (T-786C and G-894T) was done by standard PCR methods. All people were divided according to the genotype results (G1: TT/GG, G2: TT/GT + TT, G3: TC + CC/GG, G4: TC + CC/GT + TT). All parameters were measured before and after 6 months of AEX (70% of VO(2 max)). At baseline, no difference was found in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ecSOD and T-BARS activity. Plasma NOx levels were significantly different between G1 (19 ± 1 μM) and G4 (14.2 ± 0.6 μM) and between G2 (20.1 ± 1.7 μM) and G4 (14.2 ± 0.6 μM). Therefore, reduced NOx concentration in G4 group occurred only when the polymorphisms were associated, suggesting that these results are more related to genetic factors than NO-scavenging effect. After AEX, the G4 increased NOx values (17.2 ± 1.2 μM) and decreased blood pressure. G1, G3 and G4 decreased T-BARS levels. These results suggest the AEX can modulate the NOx concentration, eNOS activity and the relationship among eNOS gene polymorphism, oxidative stress and blood pressure especially in C (T-786C) and T (G-894T) allele carriers.

Endothelial Activation Microparticles and Inflammation Status Improve with Exercise Training in African Americans

“…These findings are in agreement with most studies that measured blood pressure subsequent to AEXT in individuals with relatively normal resting blood pressure levels. In studies on normotensive and/or prehypertensive populations, blood pressure did not significantly change following AEXT in most cases [36, 37]. Conversely, a review by Hagberg et al reported that blood pressure significantly decreased in 75% of the hypertensive subjects following AEXT [38].…”

The relationship between training status, blood pressure and uric acid in adults and elderly

“…Accordingly, Zharikov et al [7] showed that almost 80% of patients with pulmonary hypertension had hyperuricemia. However, regular physical exercise has been considered the major stimulus to prevent and/or control high BP [8,9]. Briefly, physical exercise promotes an improvement in metabolic syndrome [10], autonomic modulation (heart-rate variability) [11], nitric oxide concentration and oxidative stress [4,9], lipid profile [12] and other disorders.…”

“…However, regular physical exercise has been considered the major stimulus to prevent and/or control high BP [8,9]. Briefly, physical exercise promotes an improvement in metabolic syndrome [10], autonomic modulation (heart-rate variability) [11], nitric oxide concentration and oxidative stress [4,9], lipid profile [12] and other disorders. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of regular exercise on UA content and its relationship with hypertension is still controversial, mainly because of the differences among type, intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise programs found in the literature [13-15], especially those related to elderly [5,14,16].…”

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase g894t (rs1799983) gene polymorphism in polish athletes

“…Given the potential role of nitric oxide in regulating tolerance to physical exercise and recovery mechanisms, these NOS3 genetic variants have been tested and/or associated with various training or exercise response phenotypes, such as: cardiovascular hemodynamics traits, e.g. blood pressure [21,22] and heart rate responses [23]; cardio-biochemical parameters [24]; adaptation to parasympathic modulation and the level of oxidative stress induced by aerobic exercise training [21,25]; vascular reactivity [26,27], and exercise-induced adaptation to hypoxia [28].…”