Effects of Agave Fructans, Inulin, and Starch on Metabolic Syndrome Aspects in Healthy Wistar Rats

Abstract

Healthy Wistar rats were supplemented during 20 weeks with commercial inulin (I) and Agave tequilana fructans (CAT), experimental fructans from A. tequilana (EAT) and A. salmiana (AS) mature stems, rice starch 10% (RS), and standard feed for rodents (C). Feed intake was kept steady, but with I, body weight and abdominal adipose tissue (6.01 g) decreased at the end. Glucose (mg/dL) (C, 120.52; I, 110.69; CAT, 105.75; EAT, 115.48; AS, 101.63; and RS, 121.82), total cholesterol (C, 89.89; I, 64.48; CAT, 68.04; EAT, 68.74; AS, 68.04; and RS, 82), and triglycerides (C, 84.03; I, 59.52; CAT, 68.56; EAT, 59.08; AS, 75.27; and RS, 81.8) kept being normal and without differences between fructans. At the end, there was a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria when the I and AS groups were compared to the C group (C, 9.18; I, 10.64; CAT, 10.34; EAT, 10.36; AS, 10.49; and RS, 9.62 log 10 CFU/g of feces). In addition, with fructans, there was an accelerated process in feces emptiness, Lieberkühn crypts kept their morphology, and there was an increment of goblet cells.

Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

“…Furthermore, the amylosucrase-modified chestnut starch could ameliorate obesity in mice by upregulating the SCFAs-GPR43-mediated signaling pathway [ 23 ]. Besides, inulin and fructan from Agave salmiana could be beneficial to prevent metabolic syndrome and related hypertension by regulating gut microbial metabolites, manifested as increasing the levels of acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids while decreasing the level of trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) [ 51 , 75 , 78 ]. In addition, galacto-oligosaccharides could inhibit the progression of obesity and insulin resistance in mice with increasing intestinal glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) expression while decreasing fecal bile acid excretion [ 76 ].…”

The Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and a Different Source of Dietary Fibre in the Diet on the Integrity of the Small Intestine in the Rat

“…However, a decrease consumption and body weight were noted in rats whose diet was supplemented with inulin or psyllium. Others also report such observations [ 25 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. An explanation may be that dietary fibre naturally increases the feeling of satiety, consequently reducing the overall caloric intake [ 37 ].…”

Effect of Agave Fructan Bioconjugates on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in a Murine Model

“…In healthy rats, no difference in body weight gain or adipose tissue weight was observed when fructans were supplemented in the diet [ 15 ]; however, in studies performed with mice of the C57Bl/6J strain fed fructans, a decrease in weight gain of the animals was demonstrated, and this effect was attributed to the induction of satietogenic peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) [ 16 ]. It has been shown that rats treated with inulin-type fructans have increased serum levels of GLP-1, which, in addition to its satietogenic effect, inhibits macrophage inflammation [ 38 ].…”

“…Fructans from tequila agave ( Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) have been shown to have positive effects on metabolic disorders associated with metabolic syndrome [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For example, studies evaluating the effects of fructans on glucose concentration in animal models have been consistently positive [ 17 ].…”