Effects of age and gender on three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography measurements: development of normal ranges

Knowles, Aaron; Knowles, C H; Scott, S. M.; Lunniss, Peter J.

doi:10.1007/s10151-008-0443-5

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this modality, images are captured along the proximal-distal axis of the anal canal by moving two crystals on the extremity of a stationary transducer. All measurements were obtained accurately, without any interference from probe movement, and our results demonstrated very good interobserver variability due to the simplicity of length measurements, as previously described in the literature (9,13,14) . Volumetric measurements were not obtained, since they are limited by methodology, which consists of measuring the area of the anal sphincter in successive images, hindering determination of the exact lateral, proximal and distal limits of the muscles (17) .…”

Section: Eas Defect Plus Eas + Ias Defect (N = 33) Anterior Ias (Cm) Vssupporting

confidence: 79%

Do Changes in Anal Sphincter Anatomy Correlate With Anal Function in Women With a History of Vaginal Delivery?

Murad-Regadas

Dealcanfreitas

Regadas

et al. 2014

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Objectives -To evaluate anal sphincter anatomy using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DAUS) in incontinent women with vaginal delivery, correlate anatomical findings with symptoms of fecal incontinence and determine the effect of vaginal delivery on anal canal anatomy and function. Methods -Female with fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery were assessed with Wexner's score, manometry, and 3DAUS. A control group comprising asymptomatic nulliparous was included. Anal pressure, the angle of the defect and length of the external anal sphincter (EAS), the anterior and posterior internal anal sphincter (IAS), the EAS + puborectal and the gap were measured and correlated with score. Results -Of the 62, 49 had fecal incontinence and 13 were asymptomatic. Twenty five had EAS defects, 8 had combined EAS+IAS defects, 16 had intact sphincters and continence scores were similar. Subjects with sphincter defects had a shorter anterior EAS, IAS and longer gap than women without defects. Those with a vaginal delivery and intact sphincters had a shorter anterior EAS and longer gap than nulliparous. We found correlations between resting pressure and anterior EAS and IAS length in patients with defects. Conclusions -Fecal incontinence symptoms did not correlate with anal pressures and anal sphincter anatomy changes, but women with sphincter defects have shorter anterior EAS and IAS and a longer gap.

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Section: Eas Defect Plus Eas + Ias Defect (N = 33) Anterior Ias (Cm) Vssupporting

confidence: 79%

Do Changes in Anal Sphincter Anatomy Correlate With Anal Function in Women With a History of Vaginal Delivery?

Murad-Regadas

Dealcanfreitas

Regadas

et al. 2014

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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“…Men have a greater striated muscle mass compared to women due to the well-known effect of testosterone on muscle growth [21]. For the external sphincter muscle, a shorter external sphincter muscle was seen anteriorly in females by MRI and 3D-EUS [22,23], while no difference in muscle thickness was measured by conventional EUS [23,24,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gender and Age on Anorectal Function: Normal Values from Anorectal Manometry in a Large Caucasian Population

Gundling

Seidl²,

Scalercio³

et al. 2010

Digestion

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Introduction: In the literature, data on the effects of gender and age on the pressure data of anorectal manometry differ. Possible reasons are investigation of only small numbers of healthy people and comparison of only 2 groups with large age differences. In addition, data about the influence of gender or age on anorectal sensation are sparse. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the influence of gender and age on anorectal manometry in a large healthy female and male cohort spanning a great age range. Methods: Anorectal manometry was performed in 72 women and 74 men with a median age of 64 years in both groups (ranges: women 22–90 years; men 23–88 years). We determined mean anal resting and squeeze pressure as well as minimal rectal balloon volume for perception and for urge/desire to defecate. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze for gender differences, regression analysis to search for age influences. Results: Squeeze pressure (p = 0.007) and perception threshold (p < 0.001) are significantly lower in females, while the mean resting pressure and urge threshold are similar in females and males. Mean resting pressure (women p < 0.0001; men p = 0.03) and mean squeeze pressure decrease (women p < 0.0001; men p = 0.004) with age. An age-related increase in sensory thresholds (= decreased rectal sensitivity) is only seen in females (perception threshold p = 0.01; urge threshold p = 0.04). Conclusion: Most of the parameters measured by anorectal manometry (anal canal pressure, sensory thresholds) are influenced by gender and age. Therefore, the results of anorectal manometry must be interpreted in relation to sex- and age-adapted normal values.

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“…although differences in ultrasound equipment, anatomic landmarks, and/or measuring technique may have led to slight discrepancies, our length parameters were similar to those used by other investigators. 27 Previous studies used 2-dimensional ultrasound equipment, which resulted in limited length measurements. 10,11,20,28 Garcia-Aguilar et al 10 evaluated patients undergoing lis and found that the ias defect was wider in patients with incontinence than in those who were continent, but the difference was not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much of the Internal Sphincter May Be Divided During Lateral Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure in Women? Morphologic and Functional Evaluation After Sphincterotomy

Murad-Regadas

Fernandes

Regadas

et al. 2013

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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Effects of age and gender on three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography measurements: development of normal ranges

Abstract: Sphincter measurements, enabled by 3-D reconstruction, vary with age and sex. A normal range incorporating these variations has been produced for future data comparison in disease states.

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Do Changes in Anal Sphincter Anatomy Correlate With Anal Function in Women With a History of Vaginal Delivery?

Do Changes in Anal Sphincter Anatomy Correlate With Anal Function in Women With a History of Vaginal Delivery?

Influence of Gender and Age on Anorectal Function: Normal Values from Anorectal Manometry in a Large Caucasian Population

How Much of the Internal Sphincter May Be Divided During Lateral Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure in Women? Morphologic and Functional Evaluation After Sphincterotomy

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