Effects of age and gender on the relationship between anxiety and coronary artery disease.

Schocken, Douglas D.; Greene, Anthony F.; Worden, T. J.; Harrison, Eric E.; Spielberger, C.D.

doi:10.1097/00006842-198703000-00002

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Anxious patients are more likely to complain about symptoms of angina pectoris, receive more coronary angiographies and, as a result, more revascularizations are carried out [28,29] . These behaviors might lead to a better outcome for these patients in terms of preventing a recurrence of myocardial infarction or cardiac death, supporting the theory that anxiety plays a protective role for patients with CAD [17] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Anxiety on the Course of Heart Disease after Acute Myocardial Infarction – Risk Factor or Protective Function?

Benninghoven

Kaduk

Wiegand

et al. 2005

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: There is a lack of clarity concerning the effect of anxiety on the course of cardiac events following myocardial infarction. Some studies have identified anxiety as a risk factor for further cardiac events. However, it is also considered to be a protective factor, as a higher level of anxiety may improve patient compliance and regular medical checkups. Methods: A group of 76 patients with myocardial infarction underwent physical examination and had their anxiety levels assessed within the first week, and 31 months after myocardial infarction. Cardiac events were documented during the follow-up period. We investigated the predictive value for the occurrence of cardiac events of sociodemographic, psychological and physical parameters when evaluated within the first week after myocardial infarction. Compliancy and regularity of medical checkups were registered. Results: Cardiac events occurred in 24 patients during a mean follow-up period of 31 months. The group of anxious patients not only suffered more often from cardiac events, these events also occurred earlier than in nonanxious patients. Age, gender, partner status, level of anxiety and comorbid diabetes at the time of first assessment proved to be discriminatory variables between patients suffering further cardiac incidents and those free of further events. Anxious patients were more likely to continue smoking, whereas less anxious patients were more likely to give up smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Anxiety on the Course of Heart Disease after Acute Myocardial Infarction – Risk Factor or Protective Function?

Benninghoven

Kaduk

Wiegand

et al. 2005

Psychother Psychosom

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“…The trait anxiety items on the STPI have correlations ranging from 0.93 to 0.96 with the STAI items. 32 The trait anxiety and trait anger questions on the STPI assessed how study participants generally felt since the previous assessment, and in the case of the first trimester assessment, how they had felt since becoming pregnant.…”

Section: Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait anxiety in pregnant women predicts offspring birth outcomes

Hosseini

Biglan²,

Larkby

et al. 2009

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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The goal of our study was to characterise the relationships between trait anxiety symptoms of women during their pregnancies and birth outcomes of their offspring using a longitudinal cohort from the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project. We used the State-Trait Personality Index anxiety measure that is based on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure self-reported trait anxiety at two gestational assessments (fourth and seventh months, representing the first and second trimesters, respectively) and at a third assessment shortly after delivery (representing the third trimester). Demographic, social, psychological, substance use and medical factors were assessed prenatally, and outcomes of the 763 live, singleton births were determined at delivery. In regression models, trait anxiety at the second and third trimesters predicted lower birthweight and shorter birth length, controlling for confounders. Anxiety reported at the third trimester predicted shortened gestational age, controlling for confounders. At the first and second trimesters, the relationship of birthweight and birth length to maternal trait anxiety was only significant for severe anxiety. Women whose anxiety reached severe levels for at least two trimesters were significantly more likely to deliver offspring of lower birthweight and shorter birth length than those women who reported severe anxiety at none or only one of the trimesters. Additionally, offspring of women who experienced severe anxiety during all three trimesters had shorter mean gestational age than offspring of women who did not report severe anxiety at any trimester. Women who report chronic, severe trait anxiety are at the highest risk of having shorter gestations and delivering smaller babies.

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“…Furthermore, anxious patients may be more inclined to receive additional examinations, for example they are more likely to receive coronary angiography even in the presence of less severe or insignificant coronary disease. This could facilitate earlier diagnosis and initiation of adequate treatment and counteract the effect of depression (Schocken et al, 1987;Hermann et al, 2000).…”

Section: Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age

Holwerda

Schoevers

Dekker³

et al. 2006

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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SUMMARYBackground The association between depression and an increased risk of death in elderly persons has been established in both clinical and community studies. Co-occurrence of depression and generalized anxiety has been shown to represent more severe and more chronic psychopathology. However, little is known about the relation between generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety-depression (generalized anxiety disorder and depression) and excess mortality in the elderly. Objective To investigate whether generalized anxiety and mixed anxiety-depression are associated with mortality. Method Generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety-depression and depression were assessed in 4051 older persons with a ten-year follow-up of community death registers. The mortality risk of generalized anxiety, depression and mixed anxietydepression was calculated after adjustment for demographic variables, physical illness, functional disabilities and social vulnerability. Results In generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression no significant excess mortality was found. In depression a significant excess mortality was found in men [HR 1.44 (1.09-1.89)] but not in women [HR 1.04 (0.87-1.24)] after adjustment for the different variables. Conclusions In elderly persons depression increases the risk of death in men. Neither generalized anxiety nor mixed anxiety-depression are associated with excess mortality. Generalized anxiety disorder may even predict less mortality in depressive elderly people. The relation between generalized anxiety disorder and its possibly protective effect on mortality has to be further explored.

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Effects of age and gender on the relationship between anxiety and coronary artery disease.

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Anxiety on the Course of Heart Disease after Acute Myocardial Infarction – Risk Factor or Protective Function?

Influence of Anxiety on the Course of Heart Disease after Acute Myocardial Infarction – Risk Factor or Protective Function?

Trait anxiety in pregnant women predicts offspring birth outcomes

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age

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