Effects of age and gender on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate

Jaquet, F.; Ib, Goldstein; Shapiro, David

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000592

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Using time-domain analysis of the deviation in ABP over a 24-hour period, it has been reported that the ABP variability is increased with aging [12,18] as well as in patho-physiological conditions such as hypertension [39]. Further, a positive relationship between ambulatory blood pressure variability and DBP has recently been demonstrated in elderly individuals [12], providing evidence of dysregulation during relatively benign activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, a positive relationship between ambulatory blood pressure variability and DBP has recently been demonstrated in elderly individuals [12], providing evidence of dysregulation during relatively benign activities. Under these circumstances, the development of increased ABP variability has been implicated as a potential cause for end organ damage [12,19]. Frequency-domain analysis of short-term ABP oscillation (i.e., collected in minutes) has indicated that the LF SBP variability is significantly increased during head-up tilt orthostatic challenge in young adults [24,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and Arterial Blood Pressure Variability during Orthostatic Challenge

et al. 2003

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Background: It has been demonstrated that a decrease in vagal cardiac function compromises arterial blood pressure (ABP) stability during orthostatic challenge. Augmentations in low-frequency (LF) ABP oscillations are indicative of this change in autonomic hemodynamic control. Aging is associated with diminished arterial baroreflex sensitivity and vagal cardiac dysfunction. However, the effect of aging on the stability of ABP during an orthostatic challenge remains to be elucidated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate ABP stability with aging during central hypovolemia induced by lower-body negative pressure (LBNP). Methods: Graded LBNP up to –40 mm Hg was applied in 16 older (65 ± 3 years of age) and 16 younger (25 ± 3 years of age) healthy adults. ABP variability was analyzed by fast Fourier transform. LF spectral density (0.04–0.15 Hz) was extracted to provide an index of vasomotor responsiveness. Results: Both LF systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability and diastolic blood pressure variability were augmented with LBNP. The rate of increase in LF SBP variability was augmented significantly greater in older as compared with younger subjects (p = 0.049). In addition, LF SBP variability was inversely correlated with decreases in pulse pressure in both age groups (r = –0.84, p = 0.01). The magnitude of the decreases in SBP and pulse pressure during LBNP was significantly affected by age, with the largest changes occurring in older subjects. The altered ABP response that manifested in older individuals was associated with a significant diminution in the reflex tachycardiac response elicited by LBNP. Conclusions: Induction of central hypovolemia via graded LBNP augments LF ABP variability. This increased ABP variability is significantly greater in older individuals. Our data suggest that aging is associated with ABP instability during orthostatic challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and Arterial Blood Pressure Variability during Orthostatic Challenge

et al. 2003

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“…The prevalence of hypertension is higher in men than in women until approximately age 65, after which the prevalence becomes higher in women (81.2 vs. 73.4% in ≥ 75-year-olds) [10]. This is accompanied by greater BP variability on ambulatory 24 h BP monitoring in elderly women than men, which conveys a higher risk of end-organ damage [11]. The higher relative prevalence of hypertension in elderly women may be partially related to premature death of hypertensive males prior to the age of 75 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the gut microbiome in sex differences in arterial pressure

2019

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There has been intense interest in the role of the gut microbiome in human health and a broad range of diseases in recent years. In the context of cardiovascular disease, gut dysbiosis (defined as a change in the gut microbiome and the gut-epithelial barrier) has been linked to disturbances in blood pressure (BP) regulation. These findings build upon our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of essential hypertension. There are clear sex differences in the epidemiology of hypertension, with distinct trends in BP across the life-course in men and women. To date, a role for the gut microbiome in contributing to the sex differences in BP is yet to be clearly established. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current literature regarding how the gut microbiome differs between men and women and to investigate whether sex-determined differences in the gut microbiome influence the response to factors such as diet, obesity and inflammation. Finally, we will explore evidence for the possible interaction between sex-specific factors, including sex hormones and pregnancy, with the gut in the context of hypertension pathophysiology.

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“…Adult studies have assessed the variability of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure using measures such as the standard deviation of the daytime mean, 4,5,15 the standard deviation of the night time mean, 5,14 the coefficient of variation (estimated as the standard deviation divided by 100 times the mean blood pressure), 5 the difference between the average value in the top 5% of readings from the overall average for the individual, 4 intermittent standard deviations 6 and the sleep/awake ratio. 16 We used the standard deviation of the 24-h blood pressure monitoring values as a measure of the 24-h variability, which shows the spread of an individuals blood pressure readings taken over a 24-h period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%