Effects of Age and Intentionality on Content Memory and Temporal Memory for Performed Activities

Schmitter‐Edgecombe, Maureen; Simpson, Amy L.

doi:10.1076/anec.8.2.81.844

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Older Canadian adult participants had adequate health literacy skill as measured by the STOFHLA (prose and numeracy scores). The inverse association found between age and STOFHLA scores, most notably for participants between 80-90 years, agrees with previous findings of limited health literacy skills among U.S. adults 85 years and older (Schmitter-Edgecombe & Simpson, 2001;Sliwinski, 1997;Williams, et al, 1995). We propose that the association between age and functional health literacy (STOFHLA) may be more a function of prose than numeracy skills.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessing Health Numeracy Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Donelle

Hoffman‐Goetz

Arocha

2007

Journal of Health Communication

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Quantitative information occupies a central role within health care decision making. Despite this, numeracy has attracted little research attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) describe the health numeracy skill of a nonclinical, Canadian community-based senior population and (2) determine the relationship between health numeracy skill and prose health literacy, education, and math anxiety in this population. A convenience sample of 140 men and women, 50 + years, completed a questionnaire assessing demographic details, math anxiety, functional health literacy (Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy for Adults STOFHLA), general context numeracy, and health context numeracy skills. Most participants had adequate functional health literacy (prose and numeracy) as measured by the STOFHLA, poorer general context numeracy skill, higher health context numeracy skill, and moderate math anxiety. Approximately 36% of the variation in general context numeracy scores and 26% of the variation in health context numeracy scores were explained by prose health literacy skill (STOFHLA), math anxiety, and attained education. This research offers an initial assessment of health numeracy skills as measured by three existing numeracy scales among a group of independently functioning older Canadian adults. This work highlights the need for clarification of the numeracy concept and refinement of health numeracy assessment instruments. Moreover, identifying patients' numeracy strengths and weaknesses will enable the development of focused numeracy interventions and may contribute to moving individuals further along the continuum of health literacy proficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessing Health Numeracy Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Donelle

Hoffman‐Goetz

Arocha

2007

Journal of Health Communication

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“…The authors found that the TBI groups demonstrated both poorer temporal order and content memory for the performed actions when compared to controls. In addition, the TBI groups performed as well on temporal order recall in the incidental instruction condition as in the intentional instruction condition, providing support for the idea that temporal order memory for activities may not be dependent on intentional encoding strategies such as rehearsal (Kausler & Phillips, 1988; Salthouse, Kausler, & Saults, 1988 but see Schmitter-Edgecombe & Simpson, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Two possible explanations for this contrasting finding are that Schmitter-Edgecombe and Wright (2003) used an incidental instruction condition as compared to an intentional instruction condition, and that their participants were all more than 1 year post injury. It may be that under intentional encoding conditions, intentional encoding strategies like rehearsal can facilitate temporal order memory for activities (Schmitter-Edgecombe & Simpson, 2001), thereby providing a disproportionate advantage for controls who may be better able to use effortful, intentional encoding strategies. It is also possible that recovery of temporal order memory for activities continues past the point we collected the follow-up testing data for the TBI participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there has been debate in the literature about whether the content of activity memories is retained differently than the content of verbal information (Kausler & Lichty, 1988; Schmitter-Edgecombe & Simpson, 2001), studies have consistently shown that recall for subject-performed tasks (SPTs) is better than for verbal material (Zimmer, Helstrup, & Engelkamp, 2000; Engelkamp, Seiler, & Zimmer, 2005). One possible explanation is that enactment of an activity may involve distinctive actions and multimodal cue features that increase the salience of the material when compared to verbal learning (Engelkamp, 1995; Zimmer & Engelkamp, 1999; also see Zacks, Speer, Vettel, & Jacoby, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recovery of content and temporal order memory for performed activities following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

Seelye

2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Few studies have investigated the complex nature of everyday activity memory following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study examined recovery of content and temporal order memory for performed activities during the first year in individuals who suffered moderate to severe TBI. TBI and control participants completed eight different cognitive activities at baseline (i.e., acutely following injury for TBI) and then again approximately one year later (follow-up). Participants’ free recall of the activities provided a measure of content memory. Temporal order memory was assessed with a reconstruction task. Self-report and informant-report of everyday memory problems at follow-up was used to examine the relationship between activity memory performances and everyday memory. TBI participants showed significant recovery in both content and temporal order memory for activities during the first year. Despite showing significant recovery, the TBI group’s activity memory performances remained poorer than controls at follow-up. Greater self- and informant-report of everyday memory difficulties was associated with poorer temporal order memory but not content memory for activities. These findings demonstrate recovery in multiple memory processes that support activity memory following moderate to severe TBI. The findings also suggest a stronger link between everyday memory abilities and temporal order memory for activities in comparison to activity memory content in a TBI population.

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“…Our analysis excluded all trials on which any single segment participated in more than one transposition; logically, a segment could only have been transposed with one other segment. Research with serial recall of verbal stimuli has shown that older participants exhibit a heightened tendency to transpose nearest-neighbor items in a series (Maylor et al, 1999; Schmitter-Edgecombe & Simpson, 2001). We therefore focused on nearest-neighbor transpositions in participants’ imitations, that is, cases in which the transposed segments were adjacent to one another in serial order.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in imitating sequences of observed movements.

Maryott

Sekuler

2009

Psychology and Aging

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Three experiments investigated the size and sources of age-related changes in visual imitation. In Experiment 1, young and older adults viewed sequences of quasi-random movements and then reproduced from memory what they had seen. As expected, older adults made more errors in imitation than their younger counterparts. However, older adults seemed to supplement their memory by exploiting an abstracted representation (gist) of a sequence. Experiments 2 and 3 apportioned the observed age-related changes in imitation performance among several possible causes. Experiment 2 showed that changes in precision of visual perception and motor control together accounted for only a small fraction of age-related changes in imitation quality; Experiment 3 showed that the bulk of the age-related changes arose from the older participants' reduced ability to accommodate for increases in memory load, likely caused by diminished ability to encode or retain detailed information about movement sequences. Guided by these results, strategies are proposed for enhancing older adults' imitation learning. Keywordsaging; imitation; gist; motor skill; memory What do tying shoelaces, hitting a golf ball, and square dancing have in common? Each can be learned by imitation, which is a major way that people of all ages acquire and master important skills. Imitation has been widely studied in infants (Elsner, 2007) and young children (Lepage & Théoret, 2007), but almost no attention has been given to the imitation ability of older adults (but see Celnik et al., 2006;Leonard & Tremblay, 2007). This lack of attention is noteworthy because imitation learning is especially important for older adults. For example, imitation learning makes it possible to maximize the physical and cognitive benefits of participation in exercise, dance, and sports activities (Lautenschlager & Almeida, 2006;Studenski et al., 2006). Additionally, imitation is key for mastering everyday tasks that are essential to the maintenance of older adults' healthy independent lifestyle (Czaja et al., 2006).We anticipate that imitation ability changes with age. After all, successful imitation of seen actions requires the cooperation of several processes that change with age. In particular, age- Betts, Sekuler, & Bennett, 2007;Billino, Bremmer, & Gegenfurtner, 2008;Snowden & Kavanagh, 2006), motor control and motor imagery (Christou & Carlton, 2001;Smiley-Oyen, Lowry, & Kerr, 2007), and working memory (Craik & Salthouse, 1992;Gomez-Perez & Ostrosky-Solis, 2006;Peelle & Wingfield, 2005;Salthouse & Coon, 1993;Small, 2001;Verhaeghen, Marcoen, & Goossens, 1993), each of which is essential for successful imitation. We devised tasks that made it possible to characterize each component process's contribution to imitation's overall quality.Most of our experiments ask participants to view and then reproduce from memory a sequence of quasi-random, linked movements (Sekuler, Siddiqui, Goyal, & Rajan, 2003). Each sequence is enacted by a disk that moves across a computer screen while leavi...

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Effects of Age and Intentionality on Content Memory and Temporal Memory for Performed Activities

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing Health Numeracy Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Assessing Health Numeracy Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Recovery of content and temporal order memory for performed activities following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Age-related changes in imitating sequences of observed movements.

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