Effects of age, medication, and illness duration on the N-acetyl aspartate signal of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia

Ende, Gabriele; Braus, Dieter F.; Walter, Sigrid; Weber‐Fahr, Wolfgang; Soher, Brian J.; Maudsley, Andrew A.; Henn, Fritz A.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00089-4

Cited by 110 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…28 , Brooks et al 27 and Bertolino et al 18 did not find any correlation between age and NAA levels. Such findings disagree with the results reported by Omori et al 37 , Ende et al 34 and Block et al 38 who observed negative correlation between age and NAA in schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Agecontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Regarding subgroup comparisons, Heimberg et al 32 , Bustillo et al 33 and Ende et al 34 found NAA differences between schizophrenics treated with atypical anti-psychotics as compared to schizophrenics under typical neuroleptics, and between each subgroup and its control. Buckley et al 4 evidenced NAA decrease in male schizophrenics as compared to normal controls and to female schizophrenics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

et al. 2004

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Schizophrenic patients undergoing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy show alterations in N-acetyl aspartate levels in several brain regions, indicating neuronal dysfunction. The present review focuses on the main proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in the frontal lobe of schizophrenics. A MEDLINE search, from 1991 to March 2004, was carried out using the key-words spectroscopy and schizophrenia and proton and frontal. In addition, articles cited in the reference list of the studies obtained through MEDLINE were included. As a result, 27 articles were selected. The results were inconsistent, 19 papers reporting changes in the N-acetyl aspartate levels, while 8 reported no change. Methodological analysis led to the conclusion that the discrepancy may be due the following factors: (i) number of participants; (ii) variation in the clinical and demographic characteristics of the groups; (iii) little standardization of the acquisition parameters of spectroscopy. Overall, studies that fulfill strict methodological criteria show N-acetyl aspartate decrease in the frontal lobe of male schizophrenics.

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Section: Agecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

et al. 2004

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“…In fact, use of haloperidol (a typical antipsychotic) has been associated with decreased frontal cerebral blood flow (possibly bringing a reduction in size) in comparison to risperidone (Bartlett et al, 1991;Miller et al, 2001). Different effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on N-acetylaspartate (NAA) signal (a measure of neuronal viability) in frontal areas has been reported by spectroscopy studies, with typicals being associated with NAA signal reduction in comparison to atypicals (Ende et al, 2000;Heimberg et al, 1998). An increase in functional activation of the frontal lobe following substitution of a typical with an atypical antipsychotic has also been reported using fMRI (Honey et al, 1999).…”

Section: Proposed Effects Of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics On Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Effects of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics on Grey Matter in First Episode Psychosis: the ÆSOP Study

Dazzan

Morgan

Orr

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

249

160

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Typical antipsychotic drugs act on the dopaminergic system, blocking the dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. Atypical antipsychotics have lower affinity and occupancy for the dopaminergic receptors, and a high degree of occupancy of the serotoninergic receptors 5-HT2A. Whether these different pharmacological actions produce different effects on brain structure remains unclear. We explored the effects of different types of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure in an epidemiologically based, nonrandomized sample of patients at the first psychotic episode. Subjects were recruited as part of a large epidemiological study (AESOP: aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses). We evaluated 22 drug-free patients, 32 on treatment with typical antipsychotics and 30 with atypical antipsychotics. We used high-resolution MRI and voxel-based methods of image analysis. The MRI analysis suggested that both typical and atypical antipsychotics are associated with brain changes. However, typicals seem to affect more extensively the basal ganglia (enlargement of the putamen) and cortical areas (reductions of lobulus paracentralis, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior and medial frontal gyri, superior and middle temporal gyri, insula, and precuneus), while atypical antipsychotics seem particularly associated with enlargement of the thalami. These changes are likely to reflect the effect of antipsychotics on the brain, as there were no differences in duration of illness, total symptoms scores, and length of treatment among the groups. In conclusion, we would like to suggest that even after short-term treatment, typical and atypical antipsychotics may affect brain structure differently.

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“…Many studies, but not all (19), indicate that NAA levels are reduced in patients with schizophrenia (20,21) in a degree related to disease duration (22) and negative symptoms (23). The abnormalities may be located in white matter (24).…”

Section: N-acetyl Aspartate (Naa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, chronic treatment of schizophrenic patients with antipsychotics yielded no change in NAA in various brain regions (27), and in the frontal lobe, NAA levels decreased, with the authors in one study concluding that the frontal decrease could be due either to the disease or the treatment (28). There have been reports that NAA levels are preserved rather than decreased by atypical antipsychotic treatments (22,29,30). Many reports show little impact of medication on NAA levels (26,31).…”

Section: N-acetyl Aspartate (Naa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

MR spectroscopy: its potential role for drug development for the treatment of psychiatric diseases

Mason

Krystal

2006

NMR Biomed.

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is likely in the near future to play a key role in the process of drug discovery and evaluation. As the pharmaceutical industry seeks biochemical markers of drug delivery, efficacy and toxicity, this non-invasive technique offers numerous ways to study adults and children repeatedly and without ionizing radiation. In this article, we survey an array of the information that MRS offers about neurochemistry in general and psychiatric disorders and their treatment in particular. We also present growing evidence of glial abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss what MRS is contributing to that line of investigation. The third major direction of this article is the discussion of where MRS techniques are headed and how those new techniques can contribute to studies of mechanisms of psychiatric disease and drug discovery.

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Effects of age, medication, and illness duration on the N-acetyl aspartate signal of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia

Cited by 110 publications

References 26 publications

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

Different Effects of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics on Grey Matter in First Episode Psychosis: the ÆSOP Study

MR spectroscopy: its potential role for drug development for the treatment of psychiatric diseases

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