Effects of age, menopause, and comorbidities on neurological function of the female genitalia

Connell, Kathleen A.; Guess, Marsha K.; Bleustein, Clifford B.; Powers, Kenneth; Lazarou, George; Mikhail, Magdy S.; Melman, Arnold

doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901230

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thresholds are higher in regular bike riders as compared to runners (Guess et al, 2006) and in women with sexual dysfunction (Esposito et al, 2007). Multiple studies support that women's vibratory thresholds to increase as they get older (Connell et al, 2005;Guess et al, 2006;Vardi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Womenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical and research concerns with vibratory stimulation: a review and pilot study of common stimulation devices

Prause

Roberts

Legarretta

et al. 2012

Sexual and Relationship Therapy

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The parameters of vibrators used for sexual stimulation in laboratory settings and therapeutic contexts are usually unknown. The unidentified range of vibrator characteristics commonly used for sexual stimulation would help identify appropriate vibrator for different purposes and clients. Seven vibrators used for sexual stimulation were tested using a piezoelectric accelerometer mounted on their housing to quantify frequency, displacement, and acceleration of each. Vibratory frequency ranged from 43 to 148 Hz, displacement from 37 to 783 mm, and acceleration from 18 to 311 m/s 2 . The range suggests vibrators used in laboratory studies could greatly increase their stimulation, while some devices actually may decrease sexual sensitivity temporarily. An in vivo study could characterize patterns of use that could maximize sexual arousal while mitigating potential loss of sensitivity.

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Section: Womenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical and research concerns with vibratory stimulation: a review and pilot study of common stimulation devices

Prause

Roberts

Legarretta

et al. 2012

Sexual and Relationship Therapy

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“…Lastly, a US study of women aged 20-78 found that whereas age affected both genital and extragenital vibratory sensation, menopausal status affected genital sensation only [23]. Taken together, these data indicate that the perception of punctate touch and vibration on the vulva and vagina is critically and uniquely dependent on estrogen status.…”

Section: Controls Vs Vvsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…A study of vibratory thresholds performed in Turkey found that vulvar sites (labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal introitus) were comparable in sensitivity to the first and second fingers and to the nipples; in this study, the ears and lips were the least sensitive to vibratory stimuli [23]. …”

Section: Vulvovaginal Sensory Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A US study of 58 women aged 20-78 found that age affected both genital and peripheral sensation: vibratory thresholds increased progressively with age at the vulva, clitoris, external urethral meatus, perineum, and ankle [23]; on the vulva, the age effect first became apparent in the 30-39 age group. A study performed in Israel among 89 women aged 18-78 found that sensitivity to vibration decreased with age on the clitoris and on the anterior vagina, but that the effect of age on clitoral sensitivity was smaller [25].…”

Section: Controls Vs Vvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Sensory Perception on the Vulva and on Extragenital Sites

Farage

Miller

Zolnoun³

et al. 2012

TOWHJ

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Quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures perception thresholds of defined intensities of physical stimuli (e.g. temperature, touch, pressure, vibration). The frequency and severity of subjective sensory effects (itch, burn), though less quantifiable, can be characterized under defined conditions such as product testing. This article reviews two sources of published research on sensory perception on the vulva relative to extragenital sites: (1) systematic, quantitative sensory testing with defined stimuli and (2) vulvar sensory effects reported in clinical trials of external feminine hygiene products. In healthy women, the vulva is less sensitive to punctate touch and vibration than other body sites. Vulvar sensitivity to mechanical stimuli declines after menopause, but is restored by estrogen supplementation. Product trials of feminine wet wipes suggest that vulvar perception of stinging and of skin wetness also are attenuated after menopause, although perceptions of burning or itching appeared to be unaffected. More systematic, standardized conditions are needed to validate the continued use of QST on the vulva and to better define the characteristics and intensity of subjective vulvar sensations.

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“…Chez l'homme, les seuils sont mesurés au niveau de la verge [55,56] et au niveau du clitoris, du vagin, ou de la vulve chez la femme [57][58][59]. Des systèmes très performants ont été spécifiquement dévelop-pés pour réaliser ce type d'investigation, et les seuils peuvent être mesurés selon différents protocoles, impliquant ou non le temps de réaction des sujets à la stimulation.…”

Section: Quantification Des Seuils Sensitifs (Qss)unclassified

Exploration neurophysiologique périnéale des atteintes de la queue-de-cheval et du cône terminal

Ahdab

Lefaucheur

2010

Pelv Perineol

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Le syndrome de la queue-de-cheval résulte de lésions concomitantes (généralement d'origine compressive) de plusieurs racines sacrées et/ou lombaires dans le canal rachidien, alors que le syndrome du cône terminal correspond à l'atteinte des structures centrales médullaires sacrées. Ces deux entités sont proches sur le plan de leur expression clinique, leurs symptômes comprenant notamment des troubles mictionnels et une anesthésie en selle. Même si le tableau clinique est complet et typique, le bilan radiologique (imagerie par résonance magnétique) est incontournable, en particulier pour établir le diagnostic étiologique. En complément de l'imagerie, le bilan électrophysiologique peut être justifié pour confirmer le diagnostic, notamment en cas de discordance clinicoradiologique, pour mieux comprendre la physiopathologie des lésions et en apprécier la sévérité fonctionnelle, voire le pronostic. Dans ce texte, nous détaillons plus spécifiquement les techniques applicables dans le cadre du bilan électrophysiologique périnéal : électromyographie de détection à l'aiguille, mesure des latences distales motrices, potentiels évoqués moteurs et somesthésiques, réponses réflexes sacrées et cutanées sympathiques, quantification des seuils de sensibilité. L'utilité et les limites de ces techniques seront discutées, notamment dans le cadre du diagnostic différentiel qui reste difficile à établir entre atteinte du cône terminal et de la queue-de-cheval.Mots clés Cône terminal · Électromyographie · Latence distale motrice · Potentiel évoqué · Quantification des seuils de sensibilité · Queue-de-cheval · Réflexe sacré · Réponse cutanée sympathique Abstract Cauda equina syndrome results from concomitant lesions of several sacral or lumbar roots within the spinal canal, whereas sacral conus syndrome more specifically relates to the damage of central nervous structures within the sacral spinal cord. Both entities have close but heterogeneous clinical presentation, including voiding disturbances and saddle anesthesia. Radiological investigation (magnetic resonance imaging) is required, at least to assess the etiology of the lesions, even if clinical features leave no room for doubt concerning the diagnosis. Electrophysiological examination is complementary to imaging and can be useful to confirm the diagnosis, to better understand the underlying mechanisms, to assess the severity of the damage, or to establish a prognosis of recovery at the follow-up. In this article, we describe the various techniques that are more specifically applicable in the electrophysiological investigation of the perineum: needle electromyography, terminal motor latency measurement, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials, sacral and sympathetic skin reflex responses, and quantitative sensory testing. The utility and limitations of these techniques will be discussed, in particular regarding the differential diagnosis between cauda equina and sacral conus syndrome, which is usually hard to establish.

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Effects of age, menopause, and comorbidities on neurological function of the female genitalia

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Clinical and research concerns with vibratory stimulation: a review and pilot study of common stimulation devices

Clinical and research concerns with vibratory stimulation: a review and pilot study of common stimulation devices

Assessing Sensory Perception on the Vulva and on Extragenital Sites

Exploration neurophysiologique périnéale des atteintes de la queue-de-cheval et du cône terminal

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