Effects of age on phenomenology and consistency of flashbulb memories of September 11 and a staged control event.

Kvavilashvili, Lia; Mirani, Jennifer; Schlagman, Simone; Erskine, James; Kornbrot, Diana

doi:10.1037/a0017532

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This point is extremely problematic, since for private memories of mundane events no control is attainable on the individual's variability of experiences and emotional implications. Kvavilashvili, Mirani, Schlagman, Erskine, and Kornbrot (2010) used a staged event to have an autobiographical control with less variability than unspecified personal events considered in other studies, although their procedure had limited ecological validity, since the control event was not self-chosen by participants and its level of consequentiality was not comparable with the target event of a FBM. During their life, individuals form apparently stable memories of ordinary autobiographical events, which do not necessarily refer to contextual aspects of learning of important public news.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flashbulb memories of the Pope's resignation: Explicit and implicit measures across differing religious groups

Curci

Lanciano

Maddalena

et al. 2014

Memory

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In the present paper, we aimed to provide evidence in support of the idea tested in a recent study by Lanciano and colleagues that flashbulb memories (FBMs) are a special class of autobiographical memories that can be assessed through the autobiographical implicit association test (aIAT). FBMs and event memories (EMs) for the news of the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI were evaluated in three samples of churchgoer Catholic, non-churchgoer Catholic and Evangelical Italian participants through the traditional self-report measures (specificity/accuracy, confidence, consistency) and aIAT indices. Results confirmed the strength of the association between FBM and true information. The aIAT effect was stronger for FBMs than for EM details, and for Catholic respondents who were the group most concerned by the original event. Furthermore, the use of implicit measures for memory assessment concurs with the traditional self-report indices of FBMs. The present evidence supports the idea that FBMs are special autobiographical memories which remain detailed, certain and consistent over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flashbulb memories of the Pope's resignation: Explicit and implicit measures across differing religious groups

Curci

Lanciano

Maddalena

et al. 2014

Memory

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“…Indeed, the finding that older adults can function cognitively as well as young adults in everyday life while displaying substantial deficits in laboratory PM tasks and other cognitive tasks measuring speed of processing, working memory and long-term memory (Park, Polk, Mikels, Taylor, & Marshuetz, 2001), is important not only theoretically, but also practically due to popular culture and prevailing beliefs that cognitive functions significantly deteriorate in old age. Although the age-PM-paradox has been suggested to be unique to PM and not extend to retrospective memory in general (Phillips et al, 2008), latest findings reported in the retrospective memory literature on flashbulb memories (Kvavilashvili, Mirani, Schlagman, Erskine, & Kornbrot, 2010), memories for incidental stimuli in the environment (Qin et al, 2014) and involuntary autobiographical memories (Berntsen et al, 2017;Kvavilashvili, Niedźwieńska, & Kliegel, 2016), to name the few, suggest that the absence of age effects for naturalistic tasks may be more widespread than previously thought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining the pattern of age-prospective memory-paradox: new insights on age effects in lab-based, naturalistic, and self-assigned tasks

Schnitzspahn

Kvavilashvili

Altgassen

2018

Psychological Research

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Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering intended actions in the future, such as posting a letter when seeing a post box (event-based PM) or making a phone call at 2:00 pm (time-based PM). Studies on aging and PM have often reported negative age effects in the laboratory, but positive age effects in naturalistic tasks outside the laboratory (the so-called age-PM-paradox). The present study reexamined this pattern of the paradox by studying, for the first time, age differences in time-and event-based PM in lab-based, experimenter-generated naturalistic and self-assigned real-life PM tasks within the same sample of young and older adults. Results showed that differential age effects in and outside the laboratory were qualified by the type of PM cue. While age-related deficits were obtained for laboratory event-based tasks, no age effect was obtained for naturalistic event-based PM. Age benefits in the field were only observed for naturalistic time-based tasks, but not for participants' own self-assigned time-based tasks. These findings indicate that the age benefits for naturalistic PM tasks may have been overestimated due to the dominant use of experimenter-generated naturalistic time-based PM tasks in previous studies. Therefore, the precise pattern of the age-PM-paradox may need redefining as mostly consisting of negative age effects in lab-based PM tasks and mostly the absence of negative age effects (rather than age benefits) in naturalistic and self-assigned tasks outside the laboratory.

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“…There has been a great deal of prior research exploring memory for emotional public events in young adults and healthy older adults (Berntsen & Thomsen, 2005; Bohn & Berntsen, 2007; Christianson, 1989; Davidson, Cook, & Glisky, 2006; Davidson & Glisky, 2002; Kensinger, Krendl, & Corkin, 2006; Kvavilashvili, Mirani, Schlagman, Erskine, & Kornbrot, 2010; Tekcan & Peynircioglu, 2002), but far less in patients with memory disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (reviewed by (Broster, Blonder, & Jiang, 2012; Budson & Gold, 2009). The reported effects of AD on memory for these events are somewhat mixed, with some authors concluding that AD patients can form vivid, ‘flashbulb’ memories for these events (reviewed by (Broster et al, 2012) and others concluding that it is likely that AD patients no longer have the capacity to form flashbulb memories (reviewed by (Budson & Gold, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Memory for the 2008 presidential election in healthy ageing and mild cognitive impairment

Waring

Seiger

Solomon

et al. 2014

Cognition and Emotion

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Objective The present study examined memory accuracy and confidence for personal and public event details of the 2008 Presidential election in healthy older adults and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Method Participants completed phone interviews within a week after the election and after a 10-month delay. Results MCI patients and healthy older adults had comparable emotional reactions to learning the outcome of the election, with most people finding it to be a positive experience. After the delay period, details about the election were better remembered by all participants than a less emotionally arousing comparison event. However, MCI patients had more difficulty than healthy older adults correctly recalling details of public information about the election, although often the MCI patients could recognize the correct details. Conclusion This is the first study to show that MCI patients’ memory can benefit from emotionally arousing positive events, complementing the literature demonstrating similar effects for negative events.

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Effects of age on phenomenology and consistency of flashbulb memories of September 11 and a staged control event.

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

Flashbulb memories of the Pope's resignation: Explicit and implicit measures across differing religious groups

Flashbulb memories of the Pope's resignation: Explicit and implicit measures across differing religious groups

Redefining the pattern of age-prospective memory-paradox: new insights on age effects in lab-based, naturalistic, and self-assigned tasks

Memory for the 2008 presidential election in healthy ageing and mild cognitive impairment

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