Effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of single dose sulfamethazine after intravenous administration in cattle

Abstract

Sulphonamides are still being used widely, influenced by the low cost and the efficacy against many common bacterial infections, since they present a broad spectrum of activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) integration of intravenous sulfamethazine (60 mg/kgbw) in cattle, and the possible therapeutic outcomes. Six healthy female calves, at the age of one, three, seven and fifteen weeks were used. Normality analysis was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Non-parametric tests for paired data were used. Plasma concentrations were quantified using HPLC/uv. Differences were found between one-three-weeks-old calves and seven-fifteen-weeks-old calves, in pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, area under the concentration-time curve and elimination half-life) and in the PK/PD integration. The ratios obtained in PK/PD integration (T>MIC, WAUC) confirm that it is necessary to apply twice the dose of sulfamethazine in > or = 7 weeks-old cattle to reach a satisfactory dosage regimen (MIC > or = 32 microg/mL).

Pharmacokinetics and distribution in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of danofloxacin in ruminant and preruminant calves

“…Maturation of different elimination pathways (including liver and kidney) may impact drug metabolism and clearance and may explain why the impact of age on the reported mean half-lives vary depending on the class of drugs studied (Reiche et al, 1980;Nouws et al, 1983). The increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in neonates during the first few weeks of life is mainly due to an increase in renal blood flow, which would increase the clearance values of drugs eliminated by renal pathways as calves mature (Baroni et al, 2008).…”

A Sensitive Sensor Based on Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes: Its Preparation, Characterization and Application in the Electrochemical Determination of Drug Clorsulon in Milk Samples

“…As it was described previously in introduction section, Clo is intended for cattle. Sulfamethazine is used in swine, sheep, and cattle , monensin is added as a concentrated premix, to pelleted or bulk feeds fed to cattle, sheep, and other ruminants , flumequine is intended for cattle, swine, chickens, and fishes , enrofloxacin is mainly used in cattle, pigs, turkeys, and chickens . Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin exhibit both bactericidal and chemotherapeutic effects, and they are used in eye diseases in various groups of animals .…”