Effects of Age on the Detection and Management of  Breast Cancer

McGuire, Andrew; Brown, James A. L.; Malone, Carmel; McLaughlin, Ray; Kerin, Michael J.

doi:10.3390/cancers7020815

Cited by 308 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, affecting approximately 12% of females worldwide [1]. In cancer studies, tumour cell lines are widely used as simple models that provide essential tools for more complex biological analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing

Shi

Peng

Long³

2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: As MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells are the typical cell lines of two clinical breast tumour subtypes, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the transcriptome differences between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Methods: The mRNA, miRNA (MicroRNA) and lncRNA (Long non-coding RNA) expression profiles were examined using NGS (next generation sequencing) instrument Illumina HiSeq-2500. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses were performed to identify the biological functions of differentially expressed coding RNAs. Subsequently, we constructed an mRNA-ncRNA (non-coding RNA) targeting regulatory network. Finally, we performed RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR) to confirm the NGS results. Results: There are sharp distinctions of the coding and non-coding RNA profiles between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Among the mRNAs and ncRNAs with the most differential expression, SLPI, SOD2, miR-7, miR-143 and miR-145 were highly expressed in MCF-7 cells, while CD55, KRT17, miR-21, miR-10b, miR-9, NEAT1 and PICSAR were over-expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Differentially expressed mRNAs are primarily involved in biological processes of locomotion, biological adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction pathway and focal adhesion. In the targeting regulatory network of differentially expressed RNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs are primarily associated with tumour metastasis, but the functions of lncRNAs remain uncharacterized. Conclusion: These results provide a basis for future studies of breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing

Shi

Peng

Long³

2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Accordingly, these results may reflect more, the involvement of BRCA1 gene mutations in development of breast cancer in Egypt. Since the risk of breast cancer increases steadily with age (McGuire et al, 2015), in the present study the relative risk estimation revealed that the females with BRCA1 mutation and with age more than 40 years has 1.3 folds increased risk for the development of breast cancer compared to females with age less than 40 years. Beclin 1 is an essential modifier of the autophagic process and has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of many types of cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

BRCA1 Gene Mutations and Influence of Chemotherapy on Autophagy and Apoptotic Mechanisms in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients

Abdel‐Mohsen

Ahmed²,

Elkerm³

2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: It is well established that mutations in the BRCA1 gene are a major risk factor for breast cancer. Induction of cancer cell death and inhibition of survival are the main principles of cancer therapy. In this context, autophagy may have dual roles in cancer, acting on the one hand as a tumor suppressor and on the other as a mechanism of cell survival that can promote the growth of established tumors. Therefore, understanding the role of autophagy in cancer treatment is critical. Moreover, defects in apoptosis, programmed cell death, may lead to increased resistance to chemotherapy. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to detect BRCA1 gene mutations in order to throw more light on their roles as risk factors for breast cancer in Egypt. Secondly the role of autophagy and apoptosis in determining response to a fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) regimen was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-five female breast cancer cases and thirty apparently healthy females were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of autophagic biomarkers, Beclin 1 and LC3 as well as the serum levels of apoptosis biomarkers Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were measured before and after chemotherapy. Results: BRCA1 mutations were found in 5 (16.7%) and 44 (99.8%) of the controls and cancer patients, the most frequent being 5382insC followed by C61G and 185 delAG. The results revealed that chemotherapy caused elevation in serum concentration levels of the autophagic biomarkers (Beclin 1 and LC3). This elevation was associated with a significant decrease in serum concentration levels of Bcl-2 and significant increase in caspase-3 concentration levels (apoptotic markers). Several factors may be responsible for the development of breast cancers, where they fall into modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Modifiable factors include; socioeconomic status, radiation exposure, modifiable hormonal factors such as hormone replacement therapy and lifestyle factors such as obesity and cigarette smoking. Non-modifiable risk factors include, age, reproductive factors, family history of breast disease and genetic predisposition (Lakshmi et al., 2013). However, genetic factors are thought to contribute to approximately 5% of all breast cancer cases, but to 25% of cases diagnosed before age 30 years. There are several breast cancer susceptibility genes that have been identified. These genes include in the first degree BRCA1 and BRCA2, and other tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) to a lesser extent, such as p53 (Tam 2010). Mutations of genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in breast cancer susceptibility are Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Mohsen et al

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“…It has been estimated that in 2015, around 268,600 new cancer cases and 72,000 cancer-related deaths occurred in China and 2.8 million women were affected by breast cancer (McGuire et al, 2015). According to the subtyping guidelines by St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Congress (Goldhirsch et al, 2011), basal-like type (triple-negative breast cancer type mainly) is more invasive due to the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressions and overexpression of basal-like molecular markers in breast cancer cells, making them insensitive to either molecular targeting or endocrine treatment (Goldhirsch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Article MiR-200c inhibits metastasis of breast tumor via the downregulation of Foxf2.

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. The forkhead box F2 (Foxf2) gene suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the modulation of transcription of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) and epithelial (E)-cadherin, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis. Additionally, the specific binding of microRNA (miR)-200c to Foxf2 mRNA impedes metastatic pulmonary cancer. However, the role of miR-200c in breast cancer is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, miR-200c mimics were transfected into the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Their invasion and migration abilities were observed by scratch and transwell migration assays. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of Foxf2, Zeb1, and E-cadherin, whereas Foxf2 protein level was determined by western blot analysis. Our results showed that, compared to the control group, miR-200c inhibited the migration or invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis exhibited significant decreases in Foxf2 expression in the presence of miR-200c, along with a decrease in Zeb1 and increase in E-cadherin mRNA expressions. Thus, our preliminary data demonstrated that miR-200c could inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells by downregulating Foxf2 expression, providing leads for the discovery of a novel breast cancer treatment.

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Effects of Age on the Detection and Management of Breast Cancer

Cited by 308 publications

References 162 publications

Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing

Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing

BRCA1 Gene Mutations and Influence of Chemotherapy on Autophagy and Apoptotic Mechanisms in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients

Research Article MiR-200c inhibits metastasis of breast tumor via the downregulation of Foxf2.

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