Effects of Aging and Solvent Treatments on some Properties of Contemporary Tracing Papers

Abstract

Contemporary tracing papers, also referred to as transparent or translucent paPers, are produced by specially formulated furnish compositions and manufacturing formation processes that can make these papers reactive to solvents used in conservation treatments. An initial study to indicate areas of interest for further work was conducted. Four research projects were designed to determine (1) the various compositions and properties, (2) the degradative effects of aging, (3) some effects of solvents and techniques used for stain reduction and (4) humidification and flattening of contemporary tracing papers. Contemporary tracing papers can be characterized as transparentized either by fiber processing (overbeaten natural tracing paPers) or by sheet processing, using either acid immersion (vegetable parchment papers); supercalendering (imitation parchment papers); or coating (vellum or prepared tracing papers). Although research is not yet complete, findings for this study indicated that aging resulted in the greatest change in color, opacity, and strength for a natural tracing paper sample, while solvent treatments resulted in the greatest increase in opacity in a prepared tracing paper, and humidification treatments resulted in the greatest gloss, transmission, and dimensional changes in an imitation parchment paPer.

Use of bacterial cellulose in degraded paper restoration: Effect on visual appearance of printed paper

“…5), the unprinted samples with a high amount of mineral fillers in their furnish composition (GC, MC, and SC) showed E* values of approximately 7.0, whereas the writing paper (WU), manufactured with bleached hardwood pulp and small amounts of filler, had a E* of 4.2 (difficult to perceive). This E* value was within the reported range by other authors for uncoated paper (Van der Reyden et al 1993;Zappala et al 1996;Bansa and Ishii 1997;Karlovits and Gregor-Svetec 2011).…”

Analytical and Conservation Techniques for General Arrangement Plan - Screw Yacht “Safa-El-Bahre” on Tracing Paper

“…It was also clear that the beating technique was used in the manufacture of the plan studied, since the fiber composition is unclear; and this is consistent with the pattern of overbeaten tracing paper, where the pulp is beaten for long period with a high content making the fibers very short and randomly linked. The other techniques dealt with the surface layer of the paper sheet which made the fibrous composition partly clear as mentioned by Der Reyden et al [4]. EDX analysis revealed that the presence of Al, Si, O may be due to the use of kaolinite Al 2 Si 2 O 3 (OH) 4 as a filler in paper manufacture.…”

“…The first technique involved submerging paper sheets in materials that have a similar index of refraction as cellulose such as oil, resin, and varnish. The resultant paper is known as vellum paper or impregnated paper as explained by many authors [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The second technique involved compressing fiber web of the paper sheet to reduce the air between the paper fibers by submerging paper sheets made from cotton, linen or pure bleached wood pulp in strong acid for seconds to obtain short fibers that are randomly linked.…”

Unraveling the modified surface of the photographic paper “Japine”

“…Cellulose degradation has been the subject of many reports, [53][54][55] with modied papers requiring special attention. 56 Unique aging characteristics may be identied for papers with parchmentized surfaces. Additionally, few studies have focused on photographic papers with such modied surfaces, and it is quite possible that some silver papers that have been assumed to be gelatin without a baryta subbing may in fact be silver prints on parchmentized paper.…”