Effects of aging on neural processing during an active listening task

Abstract

Factors affecting successful listening in older adults and the corresponding electrophysiological signatures are not well understood. The present study investigated age-related differences in attention and temporal processing, as well as differences in the neural activity related to signal degradation during a number comparison task. Participants listened to digits presented in background babble and were tested at two levels of signal clarity, clear and degraded. Behavioral and electrophysiological measures were examined in 30 older and 20 younger neurologically-healthy adults. Relationships between performance on the number comparison task, behavioral measures, and neural activity were used to determine correlates of listening deficits associated with aging. While older participants showed poorer performance overall on all behavioral measures, their scores on the number comparison task were largely predicted (based on regression analyses) by their sensitivity to temporal fine structure cues. Compared to younger participants, older participants required higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to achieve equivalent performance on the number comparison task. With increasing listening demands, age-related changes were observed in neural processing represented by the early-N1 and later-P3 time windows. Source localization analyses revealed age differences in source activity for the degraded listening condition that was located in the left prefrontal cortex. In addition, this source activity negatively correlated with task performance in the older group. Together, these results suggest that older adults exhibit reallocation of processing resources to complete a demanding listening task. However, this effect was evident only for poorer performing older adults who showed greater posterior to anterior shift in P3 response amplitudes than older adults who were good performers and younger adults. These findings might reflect less efficient recruitment of neural resources that is associated with aging during effortful listening performance.

Cognitive reserve counteracts typical neural activity changes related to ageing

“…For the global neural activity patterns, the HCR group showed larger P300 amplitude in parietal than frontal sites but such differences were not observed in LCR group, which may be interpreted as a frontalisation of neural activity in the LCR group. This interpretation is supported by the frontalisation indices in the spatial Stroop task (i.e., the more difficult task) and it is consistent with recent studies (Kuruvilla-Mathew et al, 2022;Morcom and Henson, 2018). Also, the left and right frontal and parietal ROIs showed increased activity in the left compared to right hemisphere for the HCR group in the P300 time window but not for the LCR group.…”