Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species

Tavalieri, Yamil Ezequiel; Galoppo, G.H.; Canesini, Guillermina; Luque, Enrique H.; Muñoz-de-Toro, Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110918

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…For example, propazine has scarcely been examined in this respect, and the effects of atrazine on sperm have been studied to a limited extent only. As found in other studies, atrazine can behave as an anti-androgen, xenoestrogen and oestrogen agonist [37]. Epidemiological studies conducted in USA have revealed sperm concentration and motility to be reduced by atrazine exposure in humans [38].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Robledo

Vendrell

García-Cifuentes

et al. 2022

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background The increasing prevalence of male infertility and the declining trend in sperm quality has been associated to compounds known as “endocrine-disruptors”. The proven endocrine-disrupting effects of atrazine and propazine herbicides led us to conduct long-term research based on highly accurate specific analytical methods with a view to confirming the suspected association. Among the proposed developments was a sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of three metabolites of atrazine and propazine. Results In this work, the method was for first time used for the chromatographic separation and determination of deethyl- and deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA and DIA, respectively) and propazine-2-hydroxy (PP-2OH) in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS using deuterated atrazine (d5-AT) as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions such as the mobile phase composition and flow-rate, injected volume, dry gas source temperature and flow-rate, nebulizer pressure and capillary voltage were all carefully optimized. Analytes were identified and quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode as applied to positive ions ([M + H]+). Transitions at three different m/z values for each analyte were selected from precursor ions, and the 212.1 → [128]+, 188.1 → [146]+ and 174.1 → [68.1]+ transitions for PP-2OH, DEA and DIA, respectively, were found to be quantitative. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision (repeatability and reproducibility), linear range (10–240 ng mL–1), limit of detection (150–210 pg mL–1), and quantification (500–700 pg mL–1), recovery, accuracy and matrix effects on extracts from variably treated seminal plasma samples. The overall analytical method was successfully applied to human seminal plasma samples from volunteers. PP-2OH was found at concentrations from 1.10 to 11.3 ng mL–1 in four of the six samples, and so was DIA at 9.60 ng mL–1 in one. Conclusions These results are suggestive of bioaccumulation of the target analytes in humans. Untargeted analytes including suspected parent molecules (atrazine and propazine) and other ions [viz., deethyldeisopropyl-atrazine (DD) and diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT)] were also detected under the working conditions used. These results may open up new prospects for as yet very incipient research into the bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in seminal plasma. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Robledo

Vendrell

García-Cifuentes

et al. 2022

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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“…American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ; Order Crocodilia) are an effective model to study environmental health and the effects of EDCs (Finger & Gogal, 2013; Tavalieri et al, 2020). Alligator mississippiensis is a long‐lived, top‐trophic predator, meaning that EDC concentrations and physiological effects may be biomagnified (or have increased deposition) in relatively old individuals (Heinz et al, 1991; Roe et al, 2004; Finger & Gogal, 2013; Tavalieri et al, 2020). In addition, like other reptiles, environmental conditions mediate development (Joanen & Mcnease, 1989), growth (Lance, 2003), and homeostasis (Seebacher et al, 2003) in A. mississippiensis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenobiotic estradiol‐17ß alters gut microbiota of hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

Murphy

Watkins

Finger

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

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Environmental oestrogens pose serious concerns for ecosystems through their effects on organismal survival and physiology. The gut microbiome is highly vulnerable to environmental influence, yet the effects of oestrogens on gut homeostasis are unknown because they are poorly studied in wildlife populations. To determine the influence of environmental oestrogens (i.e., xenoestrogens) on the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota, we randomly assigned 23 hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) to three ecologically relevant treatments (control, low, and high oestrogen concentrations) for 10 weeks. We predicted that xenoestrogen exposure would decrease microbial diversity and abundance within the digestive tract and that this effect would be dose-dependent. Microbial samples were collected following diet treatments and microbial diversity was determined using 16S rRNA gene-sequencing. Individuals in oestrogentreatment groups had decreased microbial diversity, but a greater relative abundance of operational taxonomic units than those in the control group. In addition, this effect was dose-dependent; as individuals were exposed to more oestrogen, their microbiome became less diverse, less rich and less even. Findings from this study suggest that oestrogen contamination can influence wildlife populations at the internal microbial-level, which may lead to future deleterious health effects.

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“…We have also shown through docking studies and bioinformatic analysis that ES can bind to the ligand-binding site of the androgen receptor with considerable energy compared to its natural ligand dihydrotestosterone in the previous study ( Sebastian and Raghavan, 2015a ). The reproductive toxicity of ES is not limited to mammals but also extended to various other animals like zebrafish ( Han et al, 2011 ), crocodiles ( Tavalieri et al, 2020 ), C. elegans ( Du et al, 2015 ) and Newt ( Park et al, 2001 ) indicating that it could affect most forms of life in the ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice

et al. 2022

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Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy and decreased sperm count when a sublethal dose of endosulfan (3 mg/kg) with a serum concentration of 23 μg/L was used. However, the serum concentration of endosulfan was much higher (up to 500 μg/L) in people living in endosulfan-exposed areas compared to the one used in the investigation. To mimic the situation in an experimental setup, mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight of endosulfan, and reproductive toxicity and long-term impact on the general biology of animals were examined. HPLC analysis revealed a serum concentration of ∼50 μg/L of endosulfan after 24 h endosulfan exposure affected the normal physiology of mice. Histopathological studies suggest a persistent, severe effect on reproductive organs where vacuole degeneration of basal germinal epithelial cells and degradation of the interstitial matrix were observed in testes. Ovaries showed a reduction in the number of mature Graafian follicles. At the same time, mild vacuolation in liver hepatocytes and changes in the architecture of the lungs were observed. Endosulfan exposure induced DNA damage and mutations in germ cells at the molecular level. Interestingly, even after 8 months of endosulfan exposure, we observed increased DNA breaks in reproductive tissues. An increased DNA Ligase III expression was also observed, consistent with reported elevated levels of MMEJ-mediated repair. Further, we observed the generation of tumors in a few of the treated mice with time. Thus, the study not only explores the changes in the general biology of the mice upon exposure to endosulfan but also describes the molecular mechanism of its long-term effects.

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Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species

Abstract: Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species,

Cited by 33 publications

References 123 publications

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Xenobiotic estradiol‐17ß alters gut microbiota of hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice

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