Effects of agricultural wastes on the hydraulic properties of a loamy sand cropland in Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the proper amount of application for manure (M), hazelnut husk (Corylus avellane L.) (HH), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (TO) and tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.)) (TE) wastes based on hydraulic property improvement of a loamy sand cropland in Turkey. The effects of agricultural wastes on field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water content (AWC), relative saturation (RS) and initial infiltration rate (IR) were determined for a loamy sand soil 7 months after agricultural wastes were incorporated to 15 cm soil depth at four different rates (0, 2%, 4% and 6%, weight:weight) in a randomized plot design experiment with three replicates. While increases in soil OM content for the M application rates were generally lower, TE and HH treatments including high organic carbon (OC) contents resulted in high soil organic matter (OM) increases. Organic wastes generally increased the values of soil hydraulic properties, with increased aggregate stability (AS) and total porosity (F) and reduced bulk density (BD). The highest AS and F values were obtained with 6% HH and 6% TE applications, respectively. Due to different mineralization rates of the organic wastes attributable to their carbon: nitrogen (C:N) ratios, the same application rate had different effects on the soil's hydraulic properties. Manure, having the lowest C:N ratio, generally had a lower effect on AS and BD. Increased IR due to increases in AS and F by the agricultural waste treatment, especially at 4 and 6% HH, reduced the AW content to 15 cm compared with 2% HH. This indicates that the significant application of higher C:N ratio wastes is not suitable in terms of AW, due to significant improvement of IR. While the highest FC (17.3%) and AWC (10.7%) values were found in the 6% TE application, the highest PWP (7.2%) and IR (333.4 cm h −1 ) were in the 6% TO and 6% HH applications, respectively. To improve soil physical and hydraulic properties, 6% TO and M, 4% TE and 2% HH applications are suggested for loamy sand cropland.

Comparative Performance of Integrated Nutrient Management between Composted Agricultural Wastes, Chemical Fertilizers, and Biofertilizers in Improving Soil Quantitative and Qualitative Properties and Crop Yields under Arid Conditions

“…The high SOM generally increased the aggregate stability and total porosity, reduced bulk density, and changed the pore-size distribution of the soil. In the same respect, several previous studies have reported a significant positive correlation between SOM and total porosity percentage [51,[78][79][80][81][82]. The Pearson s correlation in the present study reaffirmed this finding and it was found that the SOM exhibited a positive and high correlation with capillary percentage (r = 0.80) and total porosity percentage (r = 0.83) (Figure 1).…”

“…Moreover, the SOM lowered soil compaction and soil bulk density, which results in an improved total soil porosity and permeability, and because of that, there was a close relationship between SOM and soil hydraulic properties [51]. In this respect, several studies have reported that there was a direct relationship between different soil hydraulic properties and the amount of organic compost applied [64,80,84]. In the present study, the treatments that resulted in an improved SOM, such as observed in T7, T8, and T9, they also exhibited an improved Another important soil physical property is hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity, WHC, and infiltration rate.…”

Quantifying some physical properties and organic matter of soils under different management systems in cherry orchard

“…Sainju et al (2002) and Villamil et al (2006) have determined higher organic matter content when cover crop roots decompose and when their above ground biomass is incorporated into the soil. Most studies determined that the amelioration of soil physical properties is largely based on increases of organic carbon in the soils (Gülser and Candemir, 2015). Previous studies conducted on same experimental plots with the similar treatments showed that soil organic matter increased by CCs (Wegner et al, 2015;Demir and Işık, 2020).…”

Physical Properties of Soils Affected by the Use of Agricultural Waste

“…Agricultural residues used as soil amendments or fertilizers may represent an excellent recycling strategy [54]. They are important to improve soil physical (e.g., structure, infiltration rate, plant available water capacity), chemical (e.g., nutrient cycling, cation exchange capacity, soil reaction), and biological (e.g., SOC sequestration, microbial biomass C, activity, and species diversity of soil biota) properties as organic soil conditioners [55][56][57][58]. Cultivating crops that produce substantial amounts of residues can increase SOC in the soil profile, depending on the tillage practices used [29].…”