Effects of air exposure on the lysosomal membrane stability of haemocytes in blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach)

Abstract

The neutral red retention (NRR) assay was used to evaluate the effects of air exposure on lysosomal membrane integrity in the haemolymph of blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra, and its subsequent recovery in water. After acclimation in 16°C water for 7 days, abalone were exposed to an air temperature of 7, 16 or 23°C for 12 h in the air exposure experiment or to these three air temperatures, e.g., for 12, 24 or 36 h, followed by re‐immersion in 16°C water in the lysosomal membrane stability recovery experiment. Statistical analyses of the air exposure experiment showed that when abalone were exposed to different air temperatures (7, 16 or 23°C), the lysosomal membrane stability was significantly affected by the air temperature, the exposure duration and their interaction. Air temperature similar to the acclimation temperature had a significantly lower impact on the lysosomal membrane stability within the initial 4.5 h in comparison with the other two temperatures in the same period. The lysosomal membrane stability recovery experiment showed that after air exposure durations of 12, 24 or 36 h, the re‐stabilization of the lysosomal membrane was faster in the animals exposed to lower temperatures than those exposed to higher temperatures. The recovery of the lysosomal membrane stability in abalone exposed to lower 7°C air temperature was not significantly affected (F2, 66=0.251, P=0.779) by the exposure durations (12, 24 and 36 h) used in this study. Alternatively, the lysosomal membrane stability in abalone exposed to higher air temperatures of 16 or 23°C recovered at a faster rate when subjected to shorter durations of air exposure (F2, 66=3.663, P=0.031 and F1, 44=17.057, P<0.001 for 16 and 23°C respectively).

Dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide improves the immune responses and survival of marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Smith, 1912) when challenged with different stressors

“…Recently, neutral red retention (NRR) assay has also been used to assess the immune status of shellfish by measuring the dye retention time of lysosomal membranes [45]. Neutral red is a cytotoxic weak base [46] and has been successfully used in the neutral red retention (NRR) assay as a biomarker to test the stability of lysosomal membranes in aquatic animals [35,[47][48][49][50][51].…”

“…Neutral red is a cytotoxic weak base [46] and has been successfully used in the neutral red retention (NRR) assay as a sensitive indicator of lipid membrane integrity in cases of bacterial infection and immunostimulant toxicity in shellfish. [35,[47][48][49][50][51]. Lysosomes found within the semi-granular and granular haemocytes are polymorphic, hydrolytic enzyme-containing organelles that have the capacity to take up and retain neutral red dye.…”

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus ( Citrus unshiu , Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone ( Haliotis discus , Reeve 1846)

“…Lee et al () also reported that dietary supplementation of 30 g/kg fermented CBP with Bacillus subtilis lowered cumulative mortality of olive flounder when fish were fed for 6 weeks and then infected with Edwardsiella tarda . Air exposure stressor affected the physiological state as well as performance (survival and growth) of abalone (Hooper et al, ; Morash & Alter, ; Song et al, ). Several studies reported that citrus peel has not only antioxidant activity (Ghasemi, Ghasemi, & Ebrahimzadeh, ; Rehman, ; Tripoli, Guardia, Giammanco, Majo, & Giammanco, ), but also high amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which improves immunity of aquatic animals (Ai et al, ; Chen et al, ).…”

Effects of environmental and farm stress on abalone physiology: perspectives for abalone aquaculture in the face of global climate change

“…Indeed, lysosomal membrane stability declines with increasing air temperature during transport and takes longer to recover upon re‐immersion (Song et al . ).…”