Effects of Air Transportation Cause Physiological and Biochemical Changes Indicative of Stress Leading to Regulation of Chaperone Expression Levels and Corticosterone Concentration

Shim, Sunbo; Lee, SeHyun; Kim, Chuel-Kyu; Kim, ByoungGuk; Jee, Seung-Wan; Lee, Su-Hae; Sin, Ji-Soon; Bae, Changjoon; Woo, Jong-Min; Cho, Jung-Sik; Lee, Eon-Pil; Choi, Hae-Wook; Kim, Hong-Sung; Lee, Jae-Ho; Jung, Young–Jin; Cho, Byung‑Wook; Chae, KabRyong; Hwang, Dae‐Youn

doi:10.1538/expanim.58.11

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, animal transportation is stressful to rats, and air transportation increases corticosterone (CORT) [35]. Previously, it has been demonstrated that CORT release is positively correlated with sign-tracking behavior in rats and mice [36], [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Form of Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Behavior among Outbred Male Sprague-Dawley Rats from Different Vendors and Colonies: Sign-Tracking vs. Goal-Tracking

et al. 2013

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Even when trained under exactly the same conditions outbred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats vary in the form of the Pavlovian conditioned approach response (CR) they acquire. The form of the CR (i.e. sign-tracking vs. goal-tracking) predicts to what degree individuals attribute incentive salience to cues associated with food or drugs. However, we have noticed variation in the incidence of these two phenotypes in rats obtained from different vendors. In this study, we quantified sign- and goal-tracking behavior in a reasonably large sample of SD rats obtained from two vendors (Harlan or Charles River), as well as from individual colonies operated by both vendors. Our sample of rats acquired from Harlan had, on average, more sign-trackers than goal-trackers, and vice versa for our sample of rats acquired from Charles River. Furthermore, there were significant differences among colonies of the same vendor. Although it is impossible to rule out environmental variables, SD rats at different vendors and barriers may have reduced phenotypic heterogeneity as a result of genetic variables, such as random genetic drift or population bottlenecks. Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified marked population structure among colonies from Harlan. Therefore, despite sharing the same name, investigators should be aware that important genetic and phenotypic differences exist among SD rats from different vendors or even from different colonies of the same vendor. If used judiciously this can be an asset to experimental design, but it can also be a pitfall for those unaware of the issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Form of Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Behavior among Outbred Male Sprague-Dawley Rats from Different Vendors and Colonies: Sign-Tracking vs. Goal-Tracking

et al. 2013

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“…5) In corticosterone-treated animal depression models, increased levels of GRP78 and other endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins have been reported in the dentate gyrus and other region. 6,24) These reports suggest that neuronal cell death and endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteolin Shows an Antidepressant-Like Effect via Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Ishisaka

Kakefuda

Yamauchi

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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In terms of mental illnesses, depression has an enormous influence in society. Major symptoms of depression are a "depressed mood" and "loss of interest and joy." Despite recent advances in the knowledge related to brain development and function, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of depression remain unclear.The endoplasmic reticulum is a principal site for protein synthesis, folding, and calcium signaling.1) It is highly sensitive to alterations in calcium homeostasis and perturbations in its environment. A condition that impaired the function of the endoplasmic reticulum, collectively designated "endoplasmic reticulum stress," can lead to an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen.2) In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, cells have developed a self-protective signal pathway termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to induction of molecular chaperones such as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), translational attenuation, and endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation.3) However, if the damage is excessive, the UPR ultimately activates an apoptotic pathway such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) activation. 4)Recently, GRP78 and GRP94 have been found in the temporal cortex of subjects with major depressive disorder who died by suicide.5) Furthermore, in a rodent depression model, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins were increased and these were attenuated by an antidepressant.6) Recently, we have reported that restraint stress increases in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in the mouse brain.7) These findings indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress may have some roles in the pathogenesis of depression.Luteolin is a common flavonoid that exists in many types of plants such as Apium graveolens L. var. dulce, 8)Petroselium crispum, 9) and Capsicum annuum L. var.'grossum.' 10) It has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, 11) anticancer action, 12) memory-improving, 13) and anxiolytic 14) activities, suggesting that luteolin could penetrate easily into the brain. 15) In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effects of luteolin from the green pepper leaf, as well as its mechanism, using cell death assay induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and animal models of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Purification of LuteolinLuteolin aglycon (luteolin) was provided by Theravalues (Tokyo, Japan). The purity of luteolin was 80%. In the experiments, it was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline contained 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or suspended in the 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Wako, Osaka, Japan).Cell Culture SH-SY5Y cells were purchased from the European Collection of Cell Culture (Wiltshire, U.K.) and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (SigmaAldrich, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (VALEANT, Costa Mesa, CA, U.S.A.), 100 units/ml of penici...

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“…Laboratory animals generally experience numerous unfamiliar environmental and psychological influences such as noises, temperatures, handling, shaking and smells during the process of transportation (Shim et al, 2009). Many studies have found that transport causes significant changes in the parameters used to assess stress and that varying periods of time are required for values to return to baseline levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Weight Changes of Laboratory Animals during Transportation

Lee¹,

Nam²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The majority of laboratory animals were transported from commercial breeders to a research facility by ground transportation. During the transportation, many biological functions and systems can be affected by stress. In this experiment, the change of body weight during the transportation was measured and the recovery periods from the transportation stress established based on the body weight changes. Total 676 laboratory animals which were aged between 3 to 9 wk old were studied. The transportation time taken from container packing to unpacking the container was approximately 24 h. The temperature of animal container was constantly maintained by air-conditioning and heating equipment. Rats were found to be more sensitive than mice. The body weight of rats was significantly decreased 3.71% (p<0.05) compared to the body weight of mice which decreased 0.9% There was no significant difference between the strains in the same species. When the changes of body weights were compared between delivery days, C57BL/6 mice showed the most variable changes compared to other species and strains. Consequently, C57BL/6 was more sensitive to stress than the other strains and the transportation process needs to be standardized to reduce between day variability. To establish the recovery periods from transportation stress, the body weight changes were measured during the acclimation period. Although the body weight of animals decreased during transportation, animals recovered their weight loss after the next day.

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Effects of Air Transportation Cause Physiological and Biochemical Changes Indicative of Stress Leading to Regulation of Chaperone Expression Levels and Corticosterone Concentration

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Variation in the Form of Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Behavior among Outbred Male Sprague-Dawley Rats from Different Vendors and Colonies: Sign-Tracking vs. Goal-Tracking

Variation in the Form of Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Behavior among Outbred Male Sprague-Dawley Rats from Different Vendors and Colonies: Sign-Tracking vs. Goal-Tracking

Luteolin Shows an Antidepressant-Like Effect via Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Body Weight Changes of Laboratory Animals during Transportation

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