Effects of alcohol and polyphenols from beer on atherosclerotic biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk men: A randomized feeding trial

Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption

“…29,35,112,164 In a randomized feeding trial, moderate alcohol consumption (30 g per day) significantly decreased serum concentrations of fibrinogen and IL-5, whereas the nonalcoholic fraction of beer increased the receptor antagonist of IL-1, and decreased lymphocyte and monocyte expression of Sialyl-Lewis X and CCR2, lymphotoxin α (also known as TNF-β), and IL-15 plasma concentrations. 127 These results suggest that the cardiovascular effects of ethanol are mediated, at least in part, by i nflammatory mechanisms. 23,35,114,165 Noncardiovascular effects of alcohol Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption for the improvement of cardiovascular health cannot be recommended without consideration of the multiple and systemic physio logical targets of alcohol, with both beneficial and deleterious effects.…”

“…106,112,118,[124][125][126] Given the harmful effects of excessive alcohol, beneficial elements of the Mediterranean diet other than drinking wine could instead be encouraged. 35,97,120,126,127 Stroke Alcohol consumption and stroke have a complex relationship involving gender and the type-and outcomeof the stroke. 28,128 Compared with abstainers, heavy drinkers (>60 g per day) are at risk of haemorrhagic stroke, with an RR of 2.18, 28 and are also at risk of subdural haemorrhage (RR 4.21).…”

“…142 The pattern of alcohol drinking influences BMI, and can cause obesity. 159,160 The results of a randomized feeding trial 127 involving beer, non alcoholic beer, and gin demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption (30 g per day) increases serum HDL cholesterol by 5%, apolipoprotein A-I by 6%, and apolipoprotein A-II and adiponectin by 7%, providing indirect pathophysiological evidence supporting a 25-35% protective effect of moderate alcohol use on CHD in both women and men. 10,29,35,97,105,161 Inflammation Systemic inflammation increases cardiovascular risk.…”

Ten‐year alcohol consumption typologies and trajectories of C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist over the following 12 years: a prospective cohort study

“…There is limited and conflicting evidence from interventional studies, typically with sample sizes of <100 participants and over relatively short periods of time, of the association between alcohol consumption and inflammation 7, 27, 28, 29. In terms of observational studies, some investigators have found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of CRP 30, 31, 32 and IL‐6 32, 33 compared to no alcohol and heavy alcohol intake, whereas others have observed no association 33, 34.…”

Microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics analysis of selected alcoholic beverages of from Bangladesh, India and Nepal

“…However, the amount of fermentable sugars is often low and need to be supplemented by a process called capitalization in order to have sufficient alcohol levels. Sucrose is often added so that fruits having excessive levels of acids (usually citric or malic acid) can split the sucrose into fermentable fructose and glucose sugars (Chiva-Blanch et al 2015). Many fruit wines suffer from a lack of natural yeast nutrients needed to promote or maintain fermentation.…”