Effects of alcohol cues on cognitive processing in heavy and light drinkers

Cox, W. Miles; Yeates, Giles; Regan, Cara M.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00186-0

Cited by 115 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this modification, the color words are replaced with words that are germane to the respective substance of abuse (eg beer for alcoholics and crack for cocaine-dependent individuals) (Cox et al, 1999;Hester et al, 2006). Longer interference scores for emotion-laden words are interpreted as a preoccupation with the drugrelated stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Streeter

Terhune

Whitfield

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

171

128

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Treatment dropout is a problem of great prevalence and stands as an obstacle to recovery in cocaine-dependent (CD) individuals. Treatment attrition in CD individuals may result from impairments in cognitive control, which can be reliably measured by the Stroop color-word interference task. The present analyses contrasted baseline performance on the color-naming, word-reading, and interference subtests of the Stroop task in CD subjects who completed a cocaine treatment trial (completers: N ¼ 50) and those who dropped out of the trial before completion (non-completers: N ¼ 24). A logistic regression analysis was used to predict trial completion using three models with the following variables: the Stroop task subscale scores (Stroop model); the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) scores (HDRS model); and both the Stroop task subscale scores and HDRS scores (Stroop and HDRS model). Each model was able to significantly predict group membership (completers vs non-completers) better than a model based on a simple constant (HDRS model p ¼ 0.02, Stroop model p ¼ 0.006, and Stroop and HDRS model p ¼ 0.003). Models using the Stroop preformed better than the HDRS model. These findings suggest that the Stroop task can be used to identify cocaine-dependent subjects at risk for treatment dropout. The Stroop task is a widely available, reliable, and valid instrument that can be easily employed to identify and tailor interventions of at risk individuals in the hope of improving treatment compliance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Streeter

Terhune

Whitfield

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

171

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In particular, we suggest that using a cognitive interview to measure participants' memory would improve external validity, and allow us to answer additional theoretical and applied questions; for example, issues relating to the influence of question type and misinformation. Second, we know that there are individual differences in participants' tolerance and experience with alcohol consumption, and the effects of that consumption on cognition and behavior while intoxicated (Cox, Yeates & Regan, 1999;Hiltunen, 1997). But, police do not breathalyze victims and eyewitnesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and remembering a hypothetical sexual assault: Can people who were under the influence of alcohol during the event provide accurate testimony?

Flowe

Takarangi

Humphries

et al. 2015

Memory

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We examined the influence of alcohol on remembering an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario in the laboratory using a balanced placebo design. Female participants completed a memory test 24 hours and 4 months later. Participants reported less information (i.e., responded 'don't know' more often to questions) if they were under the influence of alcohol during scenario encoding. The accuracy of the information intoxicated participants reported did not differ compared to sober participants, however, suggesting intoxicated participants were effectively monitoring the accuracy of their memory at test.Additionally, peripheral details were remembered less accurately than central details, regardless of intoxication level; and memory accuracy for peripheral details decreased by a larger amount compared to central details across the retention interval. Finally, participants were more accurate if they were told they were drinking alcohol rather than a placebo. We discuss theoretical implications for alcohol myopia and memory regulation, together with applied implications for interviewing intoxicated witnesses.Keywords: Alcohol myopia, sexual assault, memory monitoring and control, hypervigilance, intoxication Alcohol and remembering a hypothetical sexual assault: Can victims who were under the influence of alcohol during the offense provide accurate testimony?Serious violent offenses often involve intoxicated witnesses and victims (Evans, Schreiber Compo, & Russano, 2009;Palmer, Flowe, Takarangi, & Humphries, 2013). In sexual assault and rape cases 1 , especially, victims and perpetrators are likely to be under the ALCOHOL AND REMEMBERING SEXUAL ASSAULT 4 influence of alcohol (Brecklin & Ullman, 2002;Mohler-Kuo, Dowdall, Koss & Wechsler, 2004;Testa, 2002). Importantly, intoxicated sexual assault victims are less likely than their sober counterparts to report the offense to the police (e.g., Clay-Warner & Burt, 2005; WolitzkyTaylor et al., 2011). However, even among simple rape cases-involving acquaintances, no collateral injury, or no weapon use-that are reported and referred for prosecution, charges are less likely to be issued if the victim was drinking (Beichner & Spohn, 2012).Alcohol intoxication raises questions about the accuracy of testimony in the minds of criminal investigators (Cole & Logan, 2010). Similar concerns can also influence trial outcomes: Jurors (e.g., Evans & Schreiber Compo, 2010) and eyewitness experts (Kassin, Tubb, Hosch, & Memon, 2001) agree that intoxicated witnesses suffer memory impairment.But, can intoxicated people provide accurate information in legal settings? In the present study, we focused on alcohol and memory impairment in the sexual assault context. Our aims were twofold: we tested whether being under the influence of alcohol, or believing that one has consumed alcohol, would (1) differentially affect the quantity of information women reported about a simulated sexual assault, and (2) interact with other factors to influence the accuracy of women's memory for the sexu...

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“…This has been reported in individuals with alcohol (Stetter et al 1995;Bauer & Cox 1998;Cox, Yeates & Regan 1999;Stormark et al 2000;Sharma, Albery & Cook 2001;Townshend & Duka 2001;Cox et al 2002;Ryan 2002), cocaine (Rosse et al 1993(Rosse et al , 1997Franken, Kroon & Hendriks 2000a;Franken et al 2000b), opiate (Franken et al 2000b;Lubman et al 2000), marijuana (Field 2005) and nicotine (Gross, Jarvik & Rosenblatt 1993;Johnsen et al 1997;Franken et al 2000b) dependence, as well as among caffeine users (Yeomans et al 2005). Robinson & Berridge (1993) suggest that stimuli associated with drugs of abuse become particularly salient and therefore 'grab attention' more than non-drug-related stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMAGING STUDY: Modulation of brain response to emotional images by alcohol cues in alcohol‐dependent patients

2008

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Alcohol is often used to modulate mood states. Alcohol drinkers report that they use alcohol both to enhance positive affect and to reduce dysphoria, and alcohol-dependent patients specifically state reduction of negative affect as a primary reason for drinking. The current study proposes that alcohol cues may reduce negative affect in alcoholics. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activation in response to combination images that juxtaposed negative or positive International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images with an alcohol or non-alcoholcontaining beverage. We found that in the absence of the alcohol cue, alcoholics showed more activation to negative than to positive images and greater activation than controls to negative images. When the IAPS images were presented with the alcohol cue, there was a decreased difference in activation between the positive and negative images among the alcoholics, and a decreased difference in response to the negative images between controls and alcoholics. Additionally, in the neutral-beverage conditions, anxiety ratings significantly predicted activation in the right parahippocampal gyrus but did not predict activation when the alcohol cues were presented. In conclusion, the alcohol cues may have modulated cortical networks involved in the processing of emotional stimuli by eliciting a conditioned response in the alcoholics, but not in the controls, which may have decreased responsiveness to the negative images.

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Effects of alcohol cues on cognitive processing in heavy and light drinkers

Cited by 115 publications

References 17 publications

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Alcohol and remembering a hypothetical sexual assault: Can people who were under the influence of alcohol during the event provide accurate testimony?

IMAGING STUDY: Modulation of brain response to emotional images by alcohol cues in alcohol‐dependent patients

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