Effects of Alcohol on Embryo/Fetal Development

Guerri, Consuelo; Pascual, Marı́a

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804239-7.00024-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Indeed, chronic exposure to alcohol can cause a variety of problems in the female reproductive system, including abnormal menstrual cycles, a failure to ovulate, an increased risk of spontaneous abortions, and early menopause [66]. All the described malformations correspond with those observed in children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome [67]. Additionally, in relation to cell metabolism in general, female AUD patients display an overrepresentation of terms related to the synthesis and degradation of several kinds of RNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Unveiling Sex-Based Differences in the Effects of Alcohol Abuse: A Comprehensive Functional Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Studies

Ferrer

Pascual

Hidalgo

et al. 2020

Genes

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The abuse of alcohol, one of the most popular psychoactive substances, can cause several pathological and psychological consequences, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). An impaired ability to stop or control alcohol intake despite adverse health or social consequences characterize AUD. While AUDs predominantly occur in men, growing evidence suggests the existence of distinct cognitive and biological consequences of alcohol dependence in women. The molecular and physiological mechanisms participating in these differential effects remain unknown. Transcriptomic technology permits the detection of the biological mechanisms responsible for such sex-based differences, which supports the subsequent development of novel personalized therapeutics to treat AUD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomics studies regarding alcohol dependence in humans with representation from both sexes. For each study, we processed and analyzed transcriptomic data to obtain a functional profile of pathways and biological functions and then integrated the resulting data by meta-analysis to characterize any sex-based transcriptomic differences associated with AUD. Global results of the transcriptomic analysis revealed the association of decreased tissue regeneration, embryo malformations, altered intracellular transport, and increased rate of RNA and protein replacement with female AUD patients. Meanwhile, our analysis indicated that increased inflammatory response and blood pressure and a reduction in DNA repair capabilities are associated with male AUD patients. In summary, our functional meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies provides evidence for differential biological mechanisms of AUD patients of differing sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Unveiling Sex-Based Differences in the Effects of Alcohol Abuse: A Comprehensive Functional Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Studies

Ferrer

Pascual

Hidalgo

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Such findings when severe may lead to oedema which may induce unfavourable bed of endometrium for implantation and embryo implantation may fail [43]. Reduced litter sizes of rodents have been documented in previous reports as a result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Alcohol Intoxication on Pregnant Albino Wistar Rats; Some Blood Profile and Histopathological Evidence

Onyemelukwe

Achukwu

Azubuike

et al. 2020

ARRB

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Aim: To investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on serum biochemistry and histomorphology of liver, kidneys and uterus of pregnant Albino Wistar rats. Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for six weeks was conducted in the Animal house of the Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Methodology: Twenty (20) female albino Wistar rats were used in this study. They were divided into five groups (n=4): Three experimental groups (A - C) and two control groups (pregnant and non-pregnant). Groups A, B and C were treated with 0.3 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg and 2 g/kg Ethanol respectively via oral gavage, once daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from the female rats via retro orbital puncture and the sera obtained were used for the determination of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine levels. Liver, kidney and uterus were excised after animal sacrifice for histopathological studies. Results: A statistically significant increase in ALT, AST and ALP levels was observed only in rats treated with 0.3 g/kg/day of ethanol when compared with the controls (P=.000). Serum creatinine and urea levels in all groups showed no difference when compared with the controls. However, varying degrees of micro-architectural changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and uterus of rats in all treatment groups. Conclusion: The present data suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes histological lesions that may be responsible for the tissue alterations observed in the experimental animals.

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“…Scholarly investigations indicate that prenatal alcohol exposure can result in a vast spectrum of adverse consequences for the unborn child. Alcohol is a teratogen, which passes through the placenta and affects fetal neuro-development (4,5). Fetuses exposed to alcohol can experience damage to their developing brains, cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and delayed physical growth, as well as exhibit abnormal facial characteristics (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%