“…Since then, to ameliorate the preparation of TiO 2 using microwave-assisted method, studies using microwave-assisted synthesis have been conducted for the preparation of TiO 2 crystal (Ding et al, 2007;Hart et al, 2004;Li et al, 2009;Periyat et al, 2010;Ribbens et al, 2008;Wilson et al, 2006;Wu and Tai, 2013;Zhang et al, 2009;Zumeta et al, 2009). The microwave-assisted method is an efficient alternative as it allows swift heating to the set temperature and extremely rapid crystallization, leading to the simplification of the preparation procedure (Baghbanzadeh et al, 2011;Baldassari et al, 2005;Bilecka and Niederberger, 2010;Niederberger, 2013).…”