Effects of Alfacalcidol on Cancellous and Cortical Bone Mass in Rats Treated with Glucocorticoid: A Bone Histomorphometry Study

Abstract

RetractionThe following articles have been retracted by the Editorial Board of Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, because some parts of their contents were published in other journals. , 191-197, 2007 J Nutr Sci Vitaminol , 53 , 191-197, 2007 191 Summary The beneficial effects of alfacalcidol (ALF) on bone mass, bone formation, and bone resorption have been established in ovariectomized rats. Our previous studies showed that high-dose glucocorticoid (GC) administration (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times a week) for 4 wk induced cancellous osteopenia without significantly affecting cortical bone mass in Sprague-Dawley rats, and that high-dose GC administration for 8 wk also resulted in cortical osteopenia. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ALF on cancellous and cortical bone mass in GC-treated rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 mo of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into four groups of 10 rats each, as follows: age-matched control group (CON); 8-wk GC administration with administration of vehicle during the latter 4 wk of treatment (GC group); 8-wk GC administration with administration of a low dose of ALF (0.08 g/kg) during the latter 4 wk of treatment (low-dose ALF group); 8-wk administration of GC with administration of a high dose of ALF (0.16 g/kg) during the latter 4 wk of treatment (highdose ALF group). The GC (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously 3 times a week, and ALF was administered orally 5 times a week. At the end of the experiment, static and dynamic bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on cancellous bone of the proximal tibial metaphysis and cortical bone of the tibial diaphysis. Eight-week GC administration resulted in loss of the cancellous bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) and percent cortical area (Ct Ar) as a result of decreased trabecular bone formation, increased trabecular and endocortical bone resorption, and decreased periosteal bone formation. Low-dose ALF restored the cancellous BV/TV by mildly suppressing bone resorption and restoring bone formation, whereas high-dose ALF increased it beyond the value observed in the age-matched controls by strongly suppressing bone resorption and markedly increasing bone formation. Both low-and high-dose ALF prevented the GCinduced reduction of the percent Ct Ar by increasing periosteal bone formation and suppressing endocortical bone resorption. The effects of ALF on cancellous bone mass, bone formation, and bone resorption were all dose-dependent. The present study showed the beneficial effects of ALF on cancellous and cortical bone mass in GC-treated rats. Effects of Alfacalcidol on Cancellous and Cortical Bone Mass in Rats Treated with Glucocorticoid: A Bone Histomorphometry Study

Synergistic effects of green tea polyphenols and alphacalcidol on chronic inflammation-induced bone loss in female rats

“…In addition, the present study is the first study to demonstrate an osteo-protective benefit of GTP and 1- α -OH-vitamin D 3 . Such an action of preserving bone mass in the LGD group agrees with those data previously reported for GTP supplementation [11, 18] or 1- α -OH-vitamin D 3 administration [29, 31, 35, 47, 48] in various bone loss models.…”

“…Thus, alfacalcidol has become more popular in the treatment of bone loss-related diseases [30–34]. Studies have shown that alfacalcidol mitigated bone loss in a model of glucocorticoid/inflammation-induced osteoporosis [30] as well as a model of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis [35, 36] due to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of 1- α -OH-vitamin D 3 on chronic inflammation-induced bone loss along with possible mechanism(s) has never been evaluated.…”

Protective actions of green tea polyphenols and alfacalcidol on bone microstructure in female rats with chronic inflammation

“…Tea has been reported to have beneficial effects in various inflammatory conditions, such as carrageenan-induced paw edema [13], inflammatory bowel disease [14], collagen-induced arthritis [15] or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gingival inflammation [16]. On the other hand, alfacalcidol (1-α-OH-vitamin D 3 , a hydroxylated form of vitamin D) was also shown to mitigate bone loss in a model of glucocorticoid/inflammation-induced [17,18] or rheumatoid arthritis-induced bone loss [9,19] due to its anti-inflammatory property. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of green tea's or alfacalcidol's anti-inflammatory property in protecting deterioration of bone microstructure due to chronic inflammation has not been completely elucidated.…”

Alfacalcidol prevents aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole)-induced bone mineral loss in young growing female rats

“…The coefficient of variation of these measurements at our laboratory was !1 . 0% (Iwamoto et al 2007, Shen et al 2008.…”

“…A has been effectively used to prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone mineral loss in laboratory animals (Turnquist et al 1992, Iwamoto et al 2007. However, the efficacy of A in preventing bone loss induced by L is not known.…”