Effects of alkali and transition metal-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> hole blocking layers on the perovskite solar cells obtained by a two-step sequential deposition method in air and under vacuum

Nwankwo, U.; Ngqoloda, Siphelo; Nkele, Agnes C.; Arendse, Christopher J.; Ozoemena, Kenneth I.; Ekwealor, A. B. C.; Jose, Rajan; Mâaza, M.; Ezema, Fabian I.

doi:10.1039/d0ra01532f

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The gas‐phase assisted solution method has outstanding performance in the preparation and precise composition control of large‐area devices. [ 65 ] Yim et al [ 66 ] used MAPbCl 3 vapor to treat PbI 2 films for controlling the stoichiometric ratio of film elements. A similar method has also been adopted by Mohammadi et al [ 67 ] on the PbCl 2 –PbI 2 mixed lead inorganic film.…”

Section: Methods and Reaction Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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The quality of the perovskite film is crucial to the technological breakthrough of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The two‐step method can facilitate the formation of a perovskite film with high quality and reproducibility. Many milestones have been made in the development of hybrid lead halide PSCs by using the two‐step method, which has a significant impact on their practical application. Herein, the reaction mechanism of the two‐step method including two‐step immersion method and two‐step spin coating method is summarized. The strategies such as component engineering, solvent engineering, and additive engineering of the two‐step method in preparing high‐quality films are introduced systematically and in detail. In addition, current issues of the two‐step method and its applications in lead‐free PSCs, all‐inorganic PSCs, large areas, and tandems are introduced and some suggestions are put forward for future research.

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Section: Methods and Reaction Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…The ETL plays an important role in extracting electrons from the perovskite layer. It can prevent contact between the fluorine-doped SnO 2 (FTO) and perovskite layer to avoid the recombination of electrons and holes, and reduce energy loss at the interface [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally known that charge recombination is highly responsible for reducing the energy conversion efficiency of PSCs. Many researchers have focused on the ETL of PSCs [16,17,27]. Some investigators have tried to add a new layer into the ETL to form a bilayer, which has been demonstrated as an effective way to modify the interfacial behavior and photovoltaic performance of PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Optimization of TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Rough FTO Substrates

et al. 2020

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The film quality of the electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to reduce the effect of rough fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)substrate on the film quality of the TiO2 ETL, multiple cycles of spin-coating were employed to realize optimized TiO2 film and improve the performance of PSCs with rough FTO. The results show that TiO2 ETL was optimized most effectively using two spin-coating cycles, obtaining the best performance of PSCs with rough FTO. The carbon electrode-based PSCs were then demonstrated. Our work discusses the feasibility of low-quality rough FTO for the fabrication of PSCs and photodetectors to reduce costs.

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“…[140][141][142] However, the large offset between the valence band of halide perovskites and the working potential of the metal electrode significantly reduces the hole extraction efficiency, detrimental to the PV performance. [143,144] The offset can be overcome either via depositing a double-layer transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for enhanced charge separation [145][146][147] or by doping the halide perovskite to realign the energy band. [108,144,148] The current highest-recorded PCE for HTL-free PSCs (PCE: %20%) was achieved by energy band realignment through p-type doping of the perovskite.…”

Section: Device Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on the Commercial Viability of Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received a large amount of research funds due to their potential as a frontrunner in a new generation of solar cells; consequently, the desire to commercialize this technology is mounting. In this roadmap, the knowledge and the technological gaps between laboratory and industry are critically analyzed from the perspective of 5S criteria (Stability, Safety, Sustainability, Scalability, and Storage). To avoid any favoritism in the arguments toward commercializing this technology, herein, the average parameters of PSCs (photoconversion efficiency, durability, cost, manufacturability, and sustainability) estimated from previous studies are analyzed and discussed. Unique opportunities for PSCs in their current stage of achievements are identified, where application‐driven, instead of performance‐driven, developments are shown to favor their commercialization. Efforts required to improve the average performance of PSCs to state‐of‐the‐art levels are also identified and discussed.

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Effects of alkali and transition metal-doped TiO₂ hole blocking layers on the perovskite solar cells obtained by a two-step sequential deposition method in air and under vacuum

Abstract: Planar perovskite solar cells (PPSCs) have received great attention in recent years due to their intriguing properties, which make them a good choice for photovoltaic applications.

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Optimization of TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Rough FTO Substrates

A Perspective on the Commercial Viability of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Effects of alkali and transition metal-doped TiO2 hole blocking layers on the perovskite solar cells obtained by a two-step sequential deposition method in air and under vacuum

Abstract: Planar perovskite solar cells (PPSCs) have received great attention in recent years due to their intriguing properties, which make them a good choice for photovoltaic applications.

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Review of Two‐Step Method for Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Optimization of TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Rough FTO Substrates

A Perspective on the Commercial Viability of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Effects of alkali and transition metal-doped TiO₂ hole blocking layers on the perovskite solar cells obtained by a two-step sequential deposition method in air and under vacuum