Effects of alkaline treatment and pelleting of crop residues on performance of growing calves

Peterson, Sarah J.; Shreck, Adam L.; Nuttelman, Brandon L.; Schneider, Cody; Burken, Dirk B.; Macken, Casey; Griffin, William A.; Harding, Jana L.; Erickson, Galen E.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; MacDonald, James C.

doi:10.15232/pas.2015-01439

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Current methods, as well as novel alkaline treatments alternatives, was emphasized by NRC (2016) as an opportunity to improve fibre digestion and animal performance. As an alkaline treatment example, calcium oxide (5% weight by volume in water) applied on two different residue types (corn and wheat straw) substantially increased average daily gain and feed efficiency in beef cattle (Peterson et al, 2015). As shown in this study, some combinations of chemical agents could be beneficial, and even reduce the relative proportions of the different reagents in a particular combination to treat HFF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…I. Recently, Peterson et al (2015) have shown an interaction between HFF type and alkaline treatment for average daily gains in beef cattle.…”

Section: Digestibility and Degradation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high cell wall content of HFF typically decreases feed intake and animal performance (Jung & Allen, 1995) with lignin concentration being the main constraint to fibre digestion (Hatfield & Fukushima, 2005). Treatment of HFF with different chemical agents has improved DM digestibility substantially (Bravo et al, 2008;Chekani-Azar et al, 2008;Narasimhalu, Graham, & Aman, 1989;Peterson et al, 2015;Sundstøl, 1988), but responses within the cell wall structure have varied with treatment type. The two major types of chemicals used to treat HFF have been either alkaline (hydrolyzing) or oxidizing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

Miccoli

Arelovich

Martínez

et al. 2018

Grass and Forage Science

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Urea (U), sodium hypochlorite (H) and sodium chloride (S) alone or combined were applied upon high‐fibre forages (HFF) in three experiments. Experiment (Exp) I: tall wheatgrass (TW), weeping lovegrass (WL), deferred sorghum (DS) and barley straw (BS) as substrates were untreated (U0) or treated with 4 g 100 g−1 DM (U4), and stored for 45 days. Within each forage, CP and IVDMD were increased by U4 (p < 0.01). Exp II: TW was treated with U and H: U (as in Exp I) and H (at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g active Cl 100 g−1 DM), alone or combined. The interaction U*H was significant for ADF, ADL and CP. For U4+H0.25 ADF and ADL decreased (p < 0.01). For U0, ADL was reduced from H.025 through H1.00 (p < 0.05). U4 increased IVDMD and CP (p < 0.01). Exp III: oat straw (O) was treated with U0 and U4, H0 and H1, S0 and S4 (4 g S 100 g−1 DM), including all combinations at 3 storage times (T = 10, 20 and 30 days). Interactions U*S*H*T for ADL, U*H*T for NDF and CP and S*H*T for IVDMD (p < 0.05) were found. ADF was reduced by U4, H1 and S1 (p < 0.01). The greatest decrease (4.5%) was with U4. Principal components analysis showed U4S4H1 highly related to IVDMD for all T. All treatments had little or no impact on NDF, ADF and ADL content. Lower quality forages had greatest improvements in digestibility and N‐retention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…I. Recently, Peterson et al (2015) have shown an interaction between HFF type and alkaline treatment for average daily gains in beef cattle.…”

Section: Digestibility and Degradation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

Miccoli

Arelovich

Martínez

et al. 2018

Grass and Forage Science

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show abstract

“…Ester linkages between hemicellulose and lignin along with acetyl and ferulic acid side groups limit plant cell wall digestion (Sun et al, 2002;Wyman et al, 2005;Nishimura et al, 2018). Thus, physical (Wyman et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2012), chemical Peterson et al, 2015), and enzymatic Eun et al, 2006) approaches have been assessed for their ability to improve plant cell wall digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and ammonia fiber expansion on the fermentation of wheat straw in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)1

Saleem

Ribeiro

Sanderson

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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This study investigated the effect of treatment of wheat straw using ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (Viscozyme) on fiber digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and microbial populations in an artificial rumen system [Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC)]. Four treatments were assigned to 16 vessels (4 per treatment) in 2 RUSITEC apparatuses in a randomized block design. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial using untreated or AFEX-treated wheat straw with or without exogenous fibrolytic enzymes [0 or 500 μg of protein/g straw dry matter (DM)]. Fibrolytic enzymes were applied to straw, prior to sealing in nylon bags. The concentrate mixture was provided in a separate bag within each fermentation vessel. The RUSITECs were adapted for 8 d and disappearance of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) was measured after 48 h of incubation. Ammonia fiber expansion increased (P < 0.01) the disappearance of wheat straw DM (69.6 vs. 38.3%), NDF (65.6 vs. 36.8%), ADF (61.4 vs. 36.0%), and CP (68.3 vs. 24.0%). Total dietary DM, organic matter (OM), and NDF disappearance was also increased (P ≤ 0.05) by enzymes. Total microbial protein production was greater (P < 0.01) for AFEX-treated (72.9 mg/d) than untreated straw (63.1 mg/d). Total gas and methane (CH4) production (P < 0.01) were also greater for AFEX-treated wheat straw than untreated straw, with a tendency for total gas to increase (P = 0.06) with enzymes. Ammonia fiber expansion increased (P < 0.01) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and the molar proportion of propionate, while it decreased (P < 0.01) acetate and the acetate-to-propionate ratio. The AFEX-treated straw had lower relative quantities of fungi, methanogens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01) and fewer protozoa (P < 0.01) compared to untreated straw. The pH of fermenters fed AFEX-treated straw was lower (P < 0.01) than those fed untreated straw. Both AFEX (P < 0.01) and enzymes (P = 0.02) decreased xylanase activity. There was an enzyme × straw interaction (P = 0.02) for endoglucanase activity. Enzymes increased endoglucanase activity of AFEX-treated wheat straw, but had no effect on untreated straw. The addition of enzymes lowered the relative abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, but increased F. succinogenes. These results indicate that AFEX increased the ruminal disappearance of wheat straw and improved fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the RUSITEC.

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Intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent total-tract digestibility by beef steers consuming Pensacola bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide

Ciriaco

Henry

Schulmeister

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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To determine the effect of CaO treated Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay on intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, 9 ruminally cannulated Angus-crossbred steers were used in a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Steers had ad libitum access to either: 1) untreated dry hay (DH; n = 8); 2) hay at 50% DM treated with 8.9% CaCO3 [dry matter (DM) basis; CC; n = 9]; or 3) hay at 50% DM treated with 5% CaO (DM basis; CO; n = 8). Water was added to reach 50% DM in the CC and CO diets. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected every 3 h for 24 h. Ruminal fluid was analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N). Blood was analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Hay and fecal samples were collected for 4 d, 4 times daily for hay and twice daily for feces, to determine apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients. The hay provided to steers during the digestibility period was analyzed for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) for 48h. Data were analyzed as repeated measures for blood and ruminal fermentation parameters. Total DM intake was not affected (P ≥ 0.674) by treatment. A treatment effect (P < 0.001) was observed for average ruminal pH, where steers consuming CO had the greatest pH (P < 0.001). Ruminal concentration of NH3-N tended (P = 0.059) to be reduced in steers consuming CO. There was a treatment × time interaction (P = 0.023) on concentrations of PUN, where at 3 h DH and CO were lesser than CC (P ≤ 0.050) and at 21 h DH was lesser than CC (P = 0.020). Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, branched-chain VFA, and valerate concentrations were affected by treatment (P ≤ 0.035), where a reduction (P ≤ 0.034) occurred in steers consuming CO. No treatment differences were observed for total-tract digestibility of DM (P = 0.186), organic matter (P = 0.169), or crude protein (P = 0.152); however, steers consuming DH had greater neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.038) than CC and tended to be greater than CO (P = 0.082). The CO hay had greater (P = 0.005) IVOMD compared with DH and tended (P = 0.100) to be greater than CC. Bahiagrass hay treated with CaO may reduce ruminal fermentation, as indicated by decreased total VFA concentration without altering DM intake. The addition of CaO did not improve the digestibility of bahiagrass hay in vivo; however, in vitro results are contradictory and warrant further elucidation.

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Effects of alkaline treatment and pelleting of crop residues on performance of growing calves

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and ammonia fiber expansion on the fermentation of wheat straw in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)1

Intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent total-tract digestibility by beef steers consuming Pensacola bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide

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