2017
DOI: 10.1002/mren.201700009
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Effects of Alterations to Ziegler–Natta Catalysts on Kinetics and Comonomer (1‐Butene) Incorporation

Abstract: system. Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts generally dominate in PE and PP production, but they have their limitations when higher α-olefins are used for copolymerization. The disadvantages of ZN systems in this case are uneven and limited comonomer incorporation. The comonomer is incorporated randomly along the polymer chain, with a tendency to higher comonomer concentrations in the low-molecular weight fractions and less in the high molecular weight part. Further, ZN catalysts lead to broad molecular weight distri… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…It is commonly known that for ZN catalysts polymerization activity increases with rising temperature. [12,14] At higher concentrations and with increasing comonomer chain length, incorporation efficiency of the catalyst decreases. Poorer incorporation efficiency of the comonomer results in a significantly higher amount of unused comonomer, which interferes with the polymerization conditions (e.g., solubility equilibrium of C 2 H 4 in propane and the corresponding comonomer).…”
Section: Polymerization Process Parameters and Catalyst Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is commonly known that for ZN catalysts polymerization activity increases with rising temperature. [12,14] At higher concentrations and with increasing comonomer chain length, incorporation efficiency of the catalyst decreases. Poorer incorporation efficiency of the comonomer results in a significantly higher amount of unused comonomer, which interferes with the polymerization conditions (e.g., solubility equilibrium of C 2 H 4 in propane and the corresponding comonomer).…”
Section: Polymerization Process Parameters and Catalyst Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, a polymer is produced which varies in its properties, since the comonomer content alters across the entire molar-mass distribution. [11][12][13][14] In a study by Aigner, [14] the synthesis of a ZN catalyst was modified to achieve more uniform comonomer incorporation. For this purpose, the temperature of the titanation step was varied during catalyst synthesis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[82][83][84][85] The chlorine atoms might play less important roles in the complexation between Ti and Al in this case, but they are critical for obtaining reasonable activity in olefin polymerization possibly due to electronic effects. [86][87][88] On the other hand, in the cases involving chlorinated derivatives of alkylaluminum, 32,[34][35][36][37] the Ti-Cl-Al bonding may need to be considered regarding the coordinative capability of them [24][25][89][90] .…”
Section: Sequence Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…What is known as the fact is that employing different alkylaluminums could impact the copolymer composition not only in soluble molecular catalyst systems [28][29][30][31] , but also in supported Ziegler-Natta-type ones [32][33][34][35][36][37] . Noteworthily, the US patent 8546499 B2 of Borealis AG taught that employing Et 2 AlCl instead of Et 3 Al during polymerization could produce flat comonomer distribution at the price of slightly decreased overall comonomer incorporation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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