Effects of aluminum, copper, and titanium nanoparticles onsome blood parameters in Wistar rats

Abstract

IntroductionFollowing recent technological developments, nanosized (<100 nm) metal complexes have entered into different areas of human lives and the discussion of their potential effects on humans and the environment has begun (Jeng and Swanson, 2006;Janrao et al., 2014). The areas in which nanoparticles (NPs) are used for anthropogenic purposes include medicine, the textile and electronic industries, filters, toothpaste, suntan cream, toys, moisturizers, packing products, household appliances, and the food industry. Although they are widely used, there are no satisfactory data on the environmental fate of these particles, despite vigorous attempts to find out their possible effects in different groups of animals. Those studies indicated that NPs may possess health hazard effects, domestically, medically, and environmentally, due to their high surfaceto-volume ratio, small size, crystallinity, electronic properties, surface structure, reactivity, functional groups, inorganic or organic coatings, shape, and aggregation behavior, which can make the particles very reactive or catalytic (Keller et al., 2010;Schrand et al., 2010;Janrao et al., 2014). NPs are able to pass through cell membranes and their interactions with biological systems are relatively unknown (Ahamed et al., 2010; Jeng and Swanson, 2014). Therefore, NPs can potentially cause adverse effects on organs, tissues, cellular and subcellular functions, and enzymes due to their unusual physicochemical properties (Keller et al., 2010;Schrand et al., 2010). Studies have shown that NPs have toxic effects on mammals depending on metal type, size, dose, and administration route of these particles (Elle et al., 2013;Wang et al., 2013; Jeng and Swanson, 2014). Although the literature data present so far are not consistent and do not show clear evidence of the toxicity of NPs, it seems they are not innocent products of mammalian metabolism. Biomarkers belonging to different metabolic systems in mammals were altered by NPs administrated via the oral route, inhalation, or subcutaneous injection (

Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cellular Toxicity in Liver and Intestine Cell Lines

“…48 Canli et al reported an increase in the total oxidant status in the blood of rats exposed to CuO-NPs. 49 Also, CuO-NPs were used as a chemical model for the induction of oxidative stress in rats to study the effectivity of resveratrol in the protection against oxidative damages in liver and kidney. 6 In the present study, the decrease in cell viability observed could be due to an increase in oxidative stress after exposure to CuO-NPs (Table 2).…”

Bio-mimicking nano and micro-structured surface fabrication for antibacterial properties in medical implants

“…ZnO nanoparticles have caused cellular shrinkage and significantly decreased mitochondrial functionality at doses between 50 and 100 µg/mL, in a concentration, size and time dependent manner [ 136 , 143 ]. CuO and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle exposure has been found to cause oxidative stress, with TiO 2 nanoparticles causing liver damage in rats [ 144 ].…”

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Aluminum Chloride-Induced Hepato-Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats

“…Liver enzymes and kidney functions (ALT, AST, Bil, urea, and creatinine) in serum were considered as important serum parameters for investigating animal health [46]. Biochemical analysis of liver and kidney function parameters of AlCl -hepatorenal injured mice treated with ZnO NPs and followed by zinc ions redistribution from the liver to other organs.…”