Effects of ambient currents and waves on gravity-driven sediment transport on continental shelves

Wright, L. D.; Friedrichs, Carl T.; Kim, S.C.; Scully, Malcolm E.

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(01)00140-2

Cited by 218 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The dynamics of these flows are controlled by the balance of gravitational forcing and friction from both the stationary sea floor and the overlying water. This balance is described by the linearized Chezy equation (Wright et al, 2001):…”

Section: Dynamics Of Wave-supported Turbidity Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) ) in the high concentration layer, which may be larger than the down-slope gravitational flow (Wright et al, 2001). Values for u max and u grav for the three wave-supported turbidity flow events are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Wave-supported Turbidity Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent observations and modeling have shown that these flows can be an important mode of cross-shelf sediment transport in areas with a substantial supply of fine sediment and high wave energy , Wright et al, 2001, Scully et al, 2002. Wave-supported turbidity flows are effective in transporting recently delivered riverine sediment offshore, because they erode sediment in shallow water, where the wave energy at the seafloor and the supply of riverine fine sediment are both high, and they transport sediment downslope into deeper water until the flow does not have enough wave energy to maintain the sediment in suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf

Traykovski

Wiberg

Geyer

2007

Continental Shelf Research

181

195

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Abstract:A mooring and tripod array was deployed from the fall of 2002 through the spring of 2003 on the Po prodelta to measure sediment transport processes associated with sediment delivered from the Po River. Observations on the prodelta revealed wave-supported gravity flows of high concentration mud suspensions that are dynamically and kinematically similar to those observed on the Eel shelf . Due to the dynamic similarity between the two sites, a simple one-dimensional across-shelf model with the appropriate bottom boundary condition was used to examine fluxes associated with this transport mechanism at both locations. To calculate the sediment concentrations associated with the wave-dominated and wave-current resuspension, a bottom boundary condition using a reference concentration was combined with an "active layer" formulation to limit the amount of sediment in suspension. Whereas the wave-supported gravity flow mechanism dominates the transport on the Eel shelf, on the Po prodelta flux due to this mechanism is equal in magnitude to transport due to wave resuspension and wind-forced mean currents in cross-shore direction. Southward transport due to wave resuspension and wind forced mean currents move an order of magnitude more sediment along-shore than the downslope flux associated wave-supported gravity flows.

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Section: Dynamics Of Wave-supported Turbidity Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamics Of Wave-supported Turbidity Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf

Traykovski

Wiberg

Geyer

2007

Continental Shelf Research

181

195

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“…This includes, for example, evaluation of suspended sediment concentration profiles (e.g. Kineke and Sternberg, 1989;; influence of high concentrations of suspended sediment on boundary layer flows (Friederichs and Friederichs et al, 2000;Wright et al, 2001), fluid mud formation on the continental shelf Kineke and Sternberg, 1995;Kineke et al, 1996;Sternberg et al, 1996;Ogston et al, 2000;Traykovski et al, 2000), biological mediation of threshold of grain motion (Nowell et al, 1981;Wright et al, 1997) and boundary layer processes (Drake et al, 1992). Studies of boundary layer flows and associated sediment transport dynamics represent the means by which marine scientists have improved our ability to link physical process to sediment response, predict the impact of various physical factors on coastal seas (e.g.…”

Section: Boundary Layer Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment transport in the coastal ocean: a retrospective evaluation of the benthic tripod and its impact, past, present, and future

Sternberg¹

2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: In-situ observations of near-bed flow and sediment transport have been carried out for approximately 50 years. The observational technique employs a benthic tripod which can remain submerged on the seafloor for an extended period of time upon which are mounted various oceanographic instruments. The instruments transmit their signals to shipboard via connecting cable or more frequently record their output in accompanying data loggers. During the early years of benthic tripod work, measurements emphasized nearbed current velocity and associated suspended sediment profiles over periods of tidal cycles. The objectives of these studies were to evaluate existing boundary-layer flow and sediment transport theories under natural marine conditions. More recently, instrument capabilities and tripod deployment times have increased dramatically. Research objectives have expanded to include documentation of the physical processes active in the coastal ocean and their contribution to along-and across-margin sediment transport. Tripod-based studies continue to be a significant component of many comprehensive field programs. These long-term studies provide a way to document seabed physical processes and sediment transport over the full range of environmental conditions and continue to shape our concepts of sediment transport on continental shelves. Additionally, these boundary-layer studies have provided critical input for boundary-layernumerical model development. Benthic tripods and self-contained instrumentation also represent a base of expertise that will help with design and implementation of coastal observatories in the future. -Durante los últimos 50 años se han venido desarrollando observaciones in-situ de flujos y transporte de sedimento cercanos al. La técnica observacional de estos estudios consiste en trí-podes bénticos sobre los que se instalan diversos instrumentos oceanográficos que quedan sumergidos en el fondo durante un periodo de tiempo mas o menos largo. Los instrumentos pueden transmitir los datos al barco vía una conexión por cable o más frecuentemente registran los datos en unidades de almacenamiento de datos autocontenidas. Al princio, los primeros trabajos con trípodes, se orientaron al estudio de los perfiles de las corrientes y del sedimento en suspensión asociado durante periodos mareales. Los objetivos de estos estudios eran evaluar el flujo en la capa límite de fondo y las teorías de transporte sedimentario en condiciones marinas naturales. Más recientemente, la capacidad de registro y el tiempo de instalación han aumentado de manera espectacular. La investigación con trípodes se ha extendido al estudio de procesos físicos activos en amplias zonas de nuestros océanos y de su contribución al transporte de sedimento a lo largo y a través de los márgenes continentales. Los estudios basados en trípodes continúan siendo un componente importante de muchos programas importantes. Los estudios de larga duración permiten conocer los procesos físicos y el transporte de sedimento en condiciones ambien...

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“…On bed slopes greater than approximately 0.007, sediment mass movements driven by gravity can occur. On bed slopes of approximately 0.0005 to 0.007, sediment flows driven by interacting gravity and turbulence in the bottom boundary layer can occur, where sufficient turbulence (supplied by waves and tides) exists to resuspend sediment (Wright et al, 2001). …”

Section: State Of the Science And Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERDP and ESTCP Expert Panel Workshop on Research and Development Needs for the In Situ Management of Contaminated Sediments

Adriaens¹,

Bentley²,

Bohlen³

et al. 2004

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Effects of ambient currents and waves on gravity-driven sediment transport on continental shelves

Cited by 218 publications

References 36 publications

Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf

Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf

Sediment transport in the coastal ocean: a retrospective evaluation of the benthic tripod and its impact, past, present, and future

SERDP and ESTCP Expert Panel Workshop on Research and Development Needs for the In Situ Management of Contaminated Sediments

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