Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences

Blachier, François; Mariotti, François; Huneau, Jean‐François; Tomé, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0477-9

Cited by 379 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…This has been particularly documented for carbohydrates, fibers, and more recently for fat-rich diets (35,48). In contrast, few studies have addressed the influence of protein-rich diet on the composition and activity of the gut microbiota (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Liu

Blouin

Santacruz

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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AM. Highprotein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307: G459-G470, 2014. First published June 26, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00400.2013.-High-protein diets are used for body weight reduction, but consequences on the large intestine ecosystem are poorly known. Here, rats were fed for 15 days with either a normoproteic diet (NP, 14% protein) or a hyperproteichypoglucidic isocaloric diet (HP, 53% protein). Cecum and colon were recovered for analysis. Short-and branched-chain fatty acids, as well as lactate, succinate, formate, and ethanol contents, were markedly increased in the colonic luminal contents of HP rats (P Ͻ 0.05 or less) but to a lower extent in the cecal luminal content. This was associated with reduced concentrations of the Clostridium coccoides and C. leptum groups and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in both the cecum and colon (P Ͻ 0.05 or less). In addition, the microbiota diversity was found to be higher in the cecum of HP rats but was lower in the colon compared with NP rats. In HP rats, the colonic and cecal luminal content weights were markedly higher than in NP rats (P Ͻ 0.001), resulting in similar butyrate, acetate, and propionate concentrations. Accordingly, the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium monocarboxylate transporter 1 (which is increased by higher butyrate concentration) as well as the colonocyte capacity for butyrate oxidation were not modified by the HP diet, whereas the amount of butyrate in feces was increased (P Ͻ 0.01). It is concluded that an increased bulk in the large intestine content following HP diet consumption allows maintenance in the luminal butyrate concentration and thus its metabolism in colonocytes despite modified microbiota composition and increased substrate availability.protein; microbiota; SCFA; transport; metabolism HIGH-PROTEIN (HP) diets are commonly used for body weight loss (36,38). In fact, such diets have been shown to increase satiety, to modify lipid metabolism, and to facilitate short-and middle-term weight reduction (24,61,72). However, the consequences on gut microbiota composition, on microbial-derived metabolites in the large intestine luminal content, and on colonocyte epithelial cell metabolic capacities have been little studied.Increasing protein intake induces an increase in the proportion of nitrogenous compounds, mainly protein, peptides, and to a lesser extent amino acids, entering the large intestine (13,23,25,51,64). They are subjected to luminal proteolysis and subsequent metabolism by the large number of microorganisms of the large intestine microbiota (about 10 11 to 10 12 viable bacteria/g content) (29) leading to the production of numerous amino acid-derived metabolites (53), including phenols, indoles, amines, sulfide, ammonia, and monocarboxylic acids. Monocarboxylic acids include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and several other organ...

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confidence: 99%

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Liu

Blouin

Santacruz

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…These compounds are produced by the intestinal microbiota from undigestible polysaccharides [19] and several amino acids originating from undigested protein [20]. For instance, butyrate plays an important role on oxygen consumption in order to favor energy metabolism [21].…”

Section: Bacterial Metabolites and Colonic Epithelium Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another bacterial metabolite, p-cresol, which is produced from L-tyrosine by the intestinal microbiota and which is present in the feces at low millimolar concentration, partially inhibits oxygen consumption in colonocytes [9]. Ammonia (considered as the sum of NH 4 + and NH 3 ), which is produced by the bacterial microbiota from amino acid deamination and hydrolysis of urea by the bacterial ureases, is present at millimolar concentrations in the colonic luminal content [20]. Millimolar concentrations of ammonia dose-dependently inhibit SCFA oxidation [37] and basal oxygen consumption in colonocytes [38].…”

Section: Bacterial Metabolites and Colonic Epithelium Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colon epithelial cells luminal environment and physiopathological consequences: impact of nutrition and exercise

Blachier

Resende

Leite

et al. 2018

Nutrire

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The colonic epithelial cells represent a border between the colon luminal content, containing notably bacteria and a complex mixture of compounds, and the "milieu interieur" as defined by the French physiologist Claude Bernard. The physical-chemical composition of the luminal content, including luminal pH and bacterial metabolite, that obviously is not constant, is modified for instance according to the diet. Data obtained recently indicate that physical exercise may also modify the colonic luminal content. Evidence has indicated that modification of the luminal content characteristics has, indeed, consequences for the colonic epithelial cells, notably in terms of energy metabolism and DNA integrity. Although such alterations impact presumably the homeostatic process of the colonic epithelium renewal and the epithelial barrier function, their contribution to pathological processes like mucosal inflammation, pre-neoplasia, and neoplasia remains partly elusive. Open questions remain regarding the individual and collective roles of luminal changes, particularly in a long-term perspective. These questions are related particularly to the capacity of the bacterial metabolites to cross the mucus layer before entering the colonocytes, to the concentrations of metabolites in proximity of the colonic crypt stem cells, and to the capacity of colonocytes to detoxicate deleterious compounds, to take up and utilize beneficial compounds.

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“…Nondigested proteins or peptides might also be substrates for microbial production of SCFA [2]. However, microbial protein fermentation by proteolytic bacteria (for example some bacteria of Clostridium's group) yields a diverse range of metabolites, including Branched-Chain Fatty Acids (BCFA), lactate, and aromatic components, and amines sulfides, phenols and indoles [22].…”

Section: The Complexity Between Diet-related Gut Microbiota and Intesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: Possible Links and Consequences

Costa¹,

Leite²,

Resende³

et al. 2017

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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Gut microbiota plays an important role in the modulation of physiological processes associated with the digestion of nutrients, immune system and control of energy homeostasis. Changes in gut microbiota composition have been associated notably with obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Diet is one of the major factors capable of modulating the intestinal microbiota composition. In addition, the literature has shown that exercise can affect the gut microbiota composition and modulate the balance between the interaction of host and beneficial microbiota. Physical exercise improves the diversity and relative amounts of bacterial species under different nutritional contexts. However, the impact of exercise associated or not with dietary changes on the gastrointestinal environment and consequences for gut health remain poorly understood. Some proposals regarding the biological mechanisms possibly involved highlight the short chain fatty acid production and alteration in intestinal pH as main forms by which exercise may affect gut microbiota composition. Thus, the aim of the present review is to present an overview of the effects of physical exercise associated with diet on the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota.

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Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences

Cited by 379 publications

References 221 publications

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Colon epithelial cells luminal environment and physiopathological consequences: impact of nutrition and exercise

Exercise, Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: Possible Links and Consequences

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