Effects of amlodipine on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rat testis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of amlodipine (AML) in rat testicular torsion/detorsion damage. In this study, rats were divided into eight groups: (i) sham; (ii) testicular ischaemia, 2 h of ischaemia; (iii) testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), 2 h of ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion; (iv) ischaemia + AML (5 mg kg(-1)) administered 30 min before ischaemia; (v) ischaemia + AML (10 mg kg(-1)) administered 30 min before ischaemia; (vi) and (vii) I/R + AML (5 mg kg(-1)) and I/R + AML (10 mg kg(-1)) administered 1.5 h after the induction of ischaemia, respectively, and at the end of a 2-h ischaemia period and a 2-h reperfusion period applied; and (viii) sham + AML (10 mg kg(-1)). Significant decreases in levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were observed in ischaemia and reperfusion groups when compared with healthy controls. These antioxidant levels increased in AML groups while malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased. While increases in tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta levels were found in the torsion and detorsion groups, significant decreases in the levels of these inflammatory cytokines were observed in the treatment groups. These results demonstrate that AML significantly produced protective effects on testis tissue damage that occurs in the torsion/detorsion model via biochemical, histopathological and molecular pathways.

The effects of verapamil and heparin co‐administration on sperm parameters and oxidative stress in prevention of testicular torsion/detorsion damage in rats

“…The testis is a sensitive tissue to free radical damage. In reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (Dogan et al, 2016).…”

“…(400×) (a) normal spermatozoa; (b) bent tail; (c) coiled tail; (d) abnormal (elongated) head; (e) free head with a very short tail; (f) short tail condition, antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species(Dogan et al, 2016). (400×) (a) normal spermatozoa; (b) bent tail; (c) coiled tail; (d) abnormal (elongated) head; (e) free head with a very short tail; (f) short tail condition, antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species(Dogan et al, 2016).…”

Antioxidants in experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury of the testis: Where are we heading towards?

“…Dogan et al[79] examined the effect of amlodipine in a rat model of TT injury. They found a significant decrease of TNF and transforming growth factor-beta in the treatment group, decreases in free radicals and increases in antioxidants such as SOD and GSH.…”

Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…The Ca 2+ /Na + channel blockers verapamil, lidocaine and nifedipine ameliorate the effect of I/R (49)(50)(51)(52). Recently, it was demonstrated that amlodipine decreases free radical levels and increases the levels antioxidants including SOD and GSH (14).…”

“…Testes are sensitive to free radical damage. Under normal conditions, enzymatic antioxidant defence systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), protect those cells from free radical damage (14). During tIR, alterations in cellular and mitochondrial Ca 2+ (mCa…”