Effects of ammonium polyphosphate and triphenyl phosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced PLA/PC composites

Hazer, Seda; Çoban, Meral; Aytaç, Ayşe

doi:10.1002/fam.2696

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, the T d,5% of APP-30 (154.7°C) was lower than that of APP-1000 (325.7°C), and the weight loss of APP-30 is 40% in the first stage, while APP-1000 is 20%. Through literature review, we find that the initial decomposition temperature of APP with a low degree of polymerization is about 150-250°C, which is due to the short molecular chain (Hazer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Temperature (T D5%mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been widely used in many polymer-based materials. As a typical phosphorusand nitrogen-containing halogen-free flame retardant, APP has been widely used in many polymers including RPUF (Deodhar et al, 2011;Hazer et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019). The degree of polymerization is an important factor affecting the flame retardancy of APP and also affects the compatibility between APP and the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate Having Outstanding Charring Ability and Increased Flame Retardancy

Yang

Shao

2021

Front. Mater.

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with different polymerization degrees were modified by a novel phosphorus-containing organosilicon compound (PCOC), and the products obtained were coded as MAPP-30 and MAPP-1000. Then they were applied to prepare flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) separately. The impact of modified APP (MAPP) on the flame-retardant properties of RPUF was investigated by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, horizontal burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The morphologies of the char residues were observed by SEM. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of RPUF composites were measured by the compressive strength test. The results showed that whether the degree of polymerization of MAPP is 30 or 1000, they both had greater charring ability and better flame-retardant properties than unmodified APP. The residual char yield of RPUF/MAPP-30 (37.3%) and RPUF/MAPP-1000 (36.5%) were both significantly higher than RPUF/APP-30 (22.8%) and RPUF/APP-1000 (24.9%). The peak heat release rate value of RPUF/MAPP-30 was 29.9% lower than that of RPUF/APP-30, and the drop of RPUF/MAPP-1000 was 50.9% compared to RPUF/APP-1000. Moreover, the total heat release of RPUF/MAPP-1000 (9.7 MJ/m2) was much lower than that of RPUF/MAPP-30 (11.3 MJ/m2). In summary, MAPP-1000 has the best flame-retardant properties among all RPUF composites. In addition, the results also showed that flame-retardant performance and the mechanical properties dramatically decreased with the increase in the addition of MAPP-1000, and the RPUF composite had the best comprehensive performance with 20% content of MAPP-1000.

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Section: Temperature (T D5%mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate Having Outstanding Charring Ability and Increased Flame Retardancy

Yang

Shao

2021

Front. Mater.

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“…It also has good electrical insulating properties that are virtually independent of temperature and moisture. The glass transition temperature is between 140 and 150 °C [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ].…”

Section: Thermoplastics For Midmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-MID Technology for Surface Modification of Polymer-Based Composites: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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The three-dimensional molded interconnected device (3D-MID) has received considerable attention because of the growing demand for greater functionality and miniaturization of electronic parts. Polymer based composite are the primary choice to be used as substrate. These materials enable flexibility in production from macro to micro-MID products, high fracture toughness when subjected to mechanical loading, and they are lightweight. This survey proposes a detailed review of different types of 3D-MID modules, also presents the requirement criteria for manufacture a polymer substrate and the main surface modification techniques used to enhance the polymer substrate. The findings presented here allow to fundamentally understand the concept of 3D-MID, which can be used to manufacture a novel polymer composite substrate.

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“…Also, increasing the percentage of nBhm has been shown to delay the degradation of nanocomposite. [40,41] Figure 7B depicts the samples' cooling thermograms. Changing the amount of nBhm alters the crystallinity through changing the nucleation rate and the mobility of the chains.…”

Section: F I G U R E 7 a Heating Thermograms Of The Samples Andb mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate)/ nano‐boehmite composites prepared via in situ polymerization

Kahkesh

Rafizadeh

2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its nanocomposites with nanoboehmite (nBhm) were synthesized via direct esterification between succinic acid and butylene glycol (BG). Boehmite (Bhm) nanoparticles, up to 2%, were added in the polycondensation step. Repeatability of runs was observed by the amount of the gathered water. Temperature trajectory was considered as an indication of the polycondensation start. Mixing torque was measured and its rapid increase, up to 0.6 Nm, was deliberated as the end of the process. Polycondensation time decreases with an increase in amount of nBhm due to the catalytic role of aluminum in Bhm. The chemical structure of PBS was proved through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. XRD spectrum and scanning electron microscope images show a good distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetric results determine that Tg increases with the nanoparticle content. Improved Avrami equation was fitted to study the kinetics of the crystallization of samples. As a result, spherulite crystal growth was determined based on the Avrami index. Thermal gravimetric analysis trends are the same, however, nanocomposites show more residual ash. Atomic force microscopy images show that nanocomposites have a rough surface. It was observed that the flame advancement decreases up to 60% and limiting oxygen index increases up to 8%.

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Effects of ammonium polyphosphate and triphenyl phosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced PLA/PC composites

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate Having Outstanding Charring Ability and Increased Flame Retardancy

Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate Having Outstanding Charring Ability and Increased Flame Retardancy

3D-MID Technology for Surface Modification of Polymer-Based Composites: A Comprehensive Review

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate)/ nano‐boehmite composites prepared via in situ polymerization

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