Effects of an iron supplementation trial on the Fe status of Thai schoolchildren

Hathirat, P; Valyasevi, Aree; Kotchabhakdi, Nittaya J.; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Pollitt, Ernesto

doi:10.1079/bjn19920081

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It increases hemoglobin (Hathirat et al, 1992;Stoltzfus et al, 1997) and iron plasma concentration (Karayadi et al, 1996). Administration of anti-malarial-drugs is associated with a rise in homoglobin concentration (Boele van Hensbroek et al, 1995;Menendez et al, 1997), which is higher when concomitant iron supplementation is provided (Boele van Hensbroeck et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Berger

Dyck²,

Galán³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess the impact of a daily oral iron supplementation on hematological status, cell-mediated immunity and susceptibility to infections in children living in an environment where iron de®ciency, malaria and other infections are frequent. Design: Randomized, double-blind iron supplementation including a placebo group. Setting: A village in Togo, West Africa. Subjects: Of the 229 6 ± 36-month-old children of both sexes recruited, 197 with hemoglobin concentration ! 80 gal were included and 163 completed the study. Intervention: Children received daily a placebo (n 79) or a dose of 2 ± 3 mg of elemental iron per kg of body weight (n 84) for 3 months. Hematological, nutritional and immune status were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation period, and 6 months later. Morbidity was recorded throughout the study. Results: Iron supplementation had a signi®cant and positive effect on iron status of children and no impact on the incidence of infections, especially malaria. Its probable effect on immune status was masked by interference of infections and their treatment, which contributed to improve hematological and immune status in both groups. Conclusion: According to the negative consequences of anemia and iron de®ciency on global child development, control of iron de®ciency by oral iron supplementation in young children has to be conducted, associated with prophylaxis and treatment of malaria and repeated deworming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Berger

Dyck²,

Galán³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Three separate psychological tests were administered to seventyeight children with IDA and forty-one non-anaemic children with a composite mean age of 11 years; a marked difference between anaemic and non-anaemic children was observed at baseline in one of the three tests. In a later study designed to replicate the Indonesian study, 1775 children aged 9-12 years from Thailand were enrolled in a study that after haematological evaluation yielded 101 with IDA, fortyseven with ID and 1210 who were Fe-replete (Pollitt et al 1989;Hathirat et al 1992). Cognitive tests at baseline showed a significantly lower intelligence quotient in children with IDA as compared with Fe-replete children (P < 0·0008), but no difference between the latter and children with ID.…”

Section: Impaired Education Performance In Schoolchildrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining optimal body iron

Cook

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The major liabilities of Fe lack include defects in psychomotor development in infants, impaired educational performance in schoolchildren, increased perinatal morbidity, and impaired work capacity. Few if any of the relevant investigations have demonstrated these abnormalities in the absence of anaemia. Consequently, adequate Fe nutrition can be defined as a normal haemoglobin concentration. On the other hand, optimal Fe nutrition should be regarded as sufficient body Fe to avoid any limitation in tissue Fe supply, termed Fe-deficient erythropoiesis. A variety of laboratory measurements have been used to identify this milder form of Fe deficiency, including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, mean corpuscular volume, and more recently the concentration of the soluble fragment of transferrin receptor in serum. Recent studies indicate that the serum transferrin receptor is the preferred measurement, because enhanced synthesis of the transferrin receptor represent the initial cellular response to a declining Fe supply. Moreover, unlike other methods, it is not affected by chronic inflammation or infection which are often confused with Fe deficiency. In an otherwise normal healthy population the transferrin receptor: ferritin value provides a useful quantitative index of body Fe over a wide spectrum of Fe status, ranging from Fe repletion to Fe-deficiency anaemia. It is concluded that optimal Fe nutrition is best defined as a normal haemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentration.

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“…In the past, most nutrition interventions in Thailand have focused on deficiencies of single micronutrients, notably iron, vitamin A, zinc, or iodine (Bloem et al, 1989b;Hathirat et al, 1992;Pongpaew et al, 1998). Increasingly, interventions in Thailand and other regions are including more than one micronutrient (Udomkesmalee et al, 1992;Suharno et al, 1993;Ahmed et al, 2001;Dijkhuizen et al, 2001), although not necessarily the micronutrients that are the most limiting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of zinc, iodine and other micronutrient deficiencies among school children in North East Thailand

et al. 2005

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Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies during childhood can contribute to impairments in growth, immune competence, and mental and physical development, and the coexistence of several such deficiencies can adversely affect the efficacy of single micronutrient interventions. Objective: To assess the prevalence of zinc and iodine deficiency and their interrelationships with vitamin A deficiency and anemia and associations with socio-economic status, hemoglobin type, and anthropometry in a cross-sectional study. Setting: A total of 10 primary schools in North East Thailand. Methods: Non-fasting venipuncture blood samples and casual urine samples were collected from 567 children aged 6-13 years. Anthropometric measures and serum zinc, albumin, C-reactive protein and urinary iodine, are reported here and integrated with published data on vitamin A, anemia, and socio-economic status. Results: Of the children, 57% had low serum zinc and 83% had urinary iodine levels below the 100 mg/l cutoff. Suboptimal serum zinc and urinary iodine concentrations may result from low intakes of zinc and iodized salt. Significant risk factors for low serum zinc were serum retinol o1.05 mmol/l and being male. Those for urinary iodine o100 mg/l were height-for-age score4median and being female. For serum retinol o1.05 mmol/l, risk factors were low hemoglobin, low serum zinc, and o9 years, and for low hemoglobin indicative of anemia risk factors were o9 years, AE hemoglobinopathy, and serum retinol o1.05 mmol/l. Of the children, 60% were at risk of two or more coexisting micronutrient deficiencies, most commonly suboptimal urinary iodine and low serum zinc. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for multimicronutrient interventions in North East Thailand.

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Effects of an iron supplementation trial on the Fe status of Thai schoolchildren

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Defining optimal body iron

Risk of zinc, iodine and other micronutrient deficiencies among school children in North East Thailand

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