“…Drawing this section to a close, we note that with only one or two exceptions (eg, Hagerty & Smith, 2005; McSweeney & Weiss, 2003) previous studies of regular online assessment tools have been hampered by small sample sizes (eg, Li & Edmonds, 2005), confounding effects such as type selection bias (eg, Henly, 2003; Kibble, 2007; Stillson & Alsup, 2003) or high variance in instrument exposure (eg, Martindale et al , 2005). Despite this, the literature seems willing to suggest at the least a neutral outcome with respect to online formative (or low‐mark summative) assessment, and in the most detailed analytical work, a better than neutral outcome.…”