Effects of an ultra-long-distance (1000 km) race on lipid metabolism

Nagel, Dietmar; Seiler, D.; Franz, H. E.; Leitzmann, Claus; Jung, Keum Ji

doi:10.1007/bf02396574

“…The observation that the level of circulating triacylglycerols decreases during prolonged exercise (188) suggests that the muscular utilization is increased. Terjung and colleagues (277) have addressed this issue in a study with 14C-fatty acid-labeled chylomicrons in dogs and observed that the turnover of circulating chylomicrons is enhanced during exercise.…”

Section: Circulating Lipoprotein-triacylglycerols As a Potential Sourmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lipid Metabolism in Muscle

Vusse

¹

,

Reneman

²

1996

Comprehensive Physiology

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The sections in this article are: Supply and Cellular Uptake of Upids in Skeletal Muscles Albumin‐Bound Fatty Acids Fatty Acids in Circulating Lipoproteins Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle Cell Activation and Oxidation of Fatty Acids Intramuscular Triacylglycerols Supply and Utilization of Upids During Exercise Albumin‐Bound Fatty Acids in Plasma during Exercise Circulating Lipoprotein‐Triacylglycerols as a Potential Source of Fatty Acids during Exercise Contribution of Intramuscular Triacylglycerols to Fatty Acid Oxidation during Exercise Relative Contribution of Various Sources of Lipids to Overall Fatty Acid Utilization during Exercise Gender Differences in Lipid Utilization during Exercise Effect of Training on Skeletal Muscle Lipid Utilization Advantages of Enhanced Lipid Utilization by Trained Muscles during Exercise Possible Causes of Increased Lipid Consumption by Trained Muscles during Exercise Utilization of Plasma‐Borne Fatty Acids by Trained Muscles Circulating Lipoproteins as an Additional Source of Lipids for Trained Muscles Utilization of Intramuscular Triacylglycerols in Endurance‐Trained Muscles Regulation of Fatty Acid Release from Intramuscular Triacylglycerols in Trained Muscles Effect of Diet on Muscle Lipid Metabolism High‐Carbohydrate vs. High‐Fat Diets in Relation to Physical Performance Shift from Carbohydrate to Lipid Utilization by High‐Fat Diet Source of Lipid for Muscles during High‐Fat Diet Feeding Possible Mechanisms Underlying Increased Muscular Lipid Utilization during High‐Fat Feeding Interrelationship Between Muscular Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism The Glucose–Fatty Acid, or Randle, Cycle The Existence of the Randle Cycle in Skeletal Muscle Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Glucose‐Fatty Acid Cycle in Skeletal Muscle A Role for Malonyl CoA in Fuel Selection in Skeletal Muscle Cells Defects in the Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Oxidative Pathway Concluding Remarks

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“…In long lasting endurance performance with breaks, BM may be stable (Dressendorfer and Wade 1991;Knechtle et al 2007;Nagel et al 1989;Väänänen and Vihko 2005) or even increase (Raschka and Plath 1992), and BF will be reduced (Knechtle et al 2007;Raschka et al 1991;Raschka and Plath 1992), whereas SM seems to be spared (Dressendorfer and Wade 1991;Knechtle et al 2007;Reynolds et al 1999). In contrast, in ultraendurance performances for hours or even days or weeks without a break, a decrease of BM (Bircher et al 2006;Helge et al 2003;Lehmann et al 1995) has been demonstrated, where BF as well as SM seems to decrease (Bircher et al 2006;Knechtle and Bircher 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Downloaded by [North DakotaState University] at 08:54 09 December 2014 multiday races with the possibility of breaks during the night(Helge et al 2003;Knechtle and Bircher 2005;Nagel et al 1989;Raschka 1995). The decrease of 2.4 kg of BM…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultratriathlon Leads to a Decrease of Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass—The Triple Iron Triathlon Austria 2006

Knechtle

¹

,

Duff

²

,

Amtmann³

et al. 2008

Research in Sports Medicine

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We investigated the effects on body composition in triathletes at the Triple Iron Triathlon Austria in 2006, where athletes had to perform 11.6 km swimming, 540 km cycling, and 126.6 km running within 58 h. In 16 male triathletes, body mass (BM), skinfold thicknesses, and circumferences of extremities were measured before and after the competition in order to calculate body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and skeletal muscle mass (SM). Body mass, BMI, %BF, FM, and SM decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.01). The loss of BM is associated neither with the decrease of %BF (p > 0.05, r(2)= 0.00) nor with the decrease of SM (p> 0.05, r(2)= 0.06). There is no association between total race time and the loss of BM (r(2) = 0.06), %BF (r(2) = 0.10), and SM (r2 = 0.11). No significant correlation (p > 0.05, r(2)= 0.43) was found between the initial SM and loss of SM.

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“…There seems to be a difference between performances with defined breaks − for example during the night in multi-stage races − and non-stop performances without defined breaks. In long-lasting endurance performances with breaks, body mass may remain stable (Dressendorfer and Wade 1991;; Nagel et al 1989;Väänänen and Vihko 2005) or even increase (Raschka and Plath 1992) and body fat will be reduced Raschka et al 1991;Raschka and Plath 1992) whereas skeletal muscle mass seems to be spared (Dressendorfer and Wade 1991;Reynolds et al 1999). In contrast, in ultra-endurance performances for hours or even days or weeks without a break, a decrease of body mass (Bircher et al 2006;Helge et al 2003;Lehmann et al 1995) has been demonstrated, where body fat as well as skeletal muscle mass seems to decrease (Bircher et al 2006;Knechtle and Bircher 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition, Energy, and Fluid Turnover in a Five-Day Multistage Ultratriathlon: A Case Study

Knechtle¹,

Knechtle²,

Andonie³

et al. 2009

Research in Sports Medicine

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A multistage ultraendurance triathlon over five times the Ironman distance within five consecutive days leads in one ultraendurance triathlete to minimal changes in body mass (BM; -0.3 kg), fat mass (FM; -1.9 kg), skeletal muscle mass (SM; no change), and total body water (TBW; +1.5 l). This might be explained by the continuously slower race times throughout the race every day and the positive energy balance (8,095 kcal), although he suffered an average energy deficit of -1,848 kcal per Ironman distance. The increase of TBW might be explained by the increase of plasma volume (PV) in the first 3 days. The increase of PV and TBW could be a result of an increase of sodium, which was increased after every stage. We presume that this could be the result of an increased activity of aldosterone.1 Body composition, energy and fluid turnover in a five day multi-stage ultra-triathlon: A case study Running title: Body composition in multi-stage ultra-endurance 2 Abstract A multi-stage ultra-endurance triathlon over five times the Ironman distance within five consecutive days leads in one ultra-endurance triathlete to minimal changes in body mass (-0.3 kg), fat mass (-1.9 kg), skeletal muscle mass (no change) and total body water (+ 1.5 l). This might be explained with the continuously slower race times throughout the race every day and the positive energy balance (8,095 kcal) although he suffered an average energy deficit of -1,848 kcal per Ironman distance. The increase of total body water might be explained by the increase of plasma volume in the first three days. The increase of plasma volume and total body water could be a result of an increase of sodium, which was increased after every stage. We presume that this could be the result of an increased activity of aldosterone.

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Effects of an ultra-long-distance (1000 km) race on lipid metabolism

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Lipid Metabolism in Muscle

Lipid Metabolism in Muscle

An Ultratriathlon Leads to a Decrease of Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass—The Triple Iron Triathlon Austria 2006

Body Composition, Energy, and Fluid Turnover in a Five-Day Multistage Ultratriathlon: A Case Study

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