Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogotá, Colombia

Baldovino-Chiquillo, Laura; Sarmiento, Olga L.; O’Donovan, Gary; Wilches-Mogollon, Maria A.; Aguilar, Andrés; Flórez-Pregonero, Alberto; Martinez, Paola; Arellana, Julián; Guzmán, Luis A.; Yamada, Goro; Rodrı́guez, Daniel A.; Diez‐Roux, Ana V.

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00274-7

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, large studies in high-income countries in Europe and North America suggest that all-cause mortality risk is around 30% lower in exercisers than in non-exercisers 46. These differences in risk may be explained by the high amounts of non-exercise physical activity that are part of everyday life in many cities in Latin America4–6 8 9 and other low-income and middle-income regions 7. For example, if the non-exercise group was to take part in large amounts of walking for transport in Latin America, then the difference in risk between the exercise and non-exercise groups would not be as great as in high-income countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The promotion of physical activity is also thought to be beneficial to meeting 15 of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the benefits of physical activity in low-income and middle-income countries in Latin America, where participation in large amounts of physical activity is a necessity, not a choice 3–8. Indeed, poverty, crime, informal work and the cost of car ownership make walking for transport inevitable 4–6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the benefits of physical activity in low-income and middle-income countries in Latin America, where participation in large amounts of physical activity is a necessity, not a choice. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Indeed, poverty, crime, informal work and the cost of car ownership make walking for transport inevitable. [4][5][6] Roughly, 30%-45% of all journeys are made on foot in low-income groups in cities in Latin America, compared with around 20% of journeys in higherincome groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study

O'Donovan,

Petermann-Rocha,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the benefits of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity.MethodsParticipants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and resurveyed from 2015 to 2019. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed weekend warriors. Those who exercised more often were termed regularly active. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThe main analysis included 26 006 deaths in 154 882 adults (67% female) aged 52±13 years followed for 18±4 years (mean±SD). Compared with those who reported no exercise, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) in the weekend warriors and 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) in the regularly active. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but associations were weaker. Stratified analyses showed that substantial reductions in all-cause mortality risk only occurred when the duration of exercise sessions was at least 30–60 min. The repeated-measures analysis included 843 deaths in 10 023 adults followed for 20±2 years. Compared with being inactive or becoming inactive, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.12) when being a weekend warrior or becoming a weekend warrior and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) when being regularly active or becoming regularly active.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study to investigate the benefits of the weekend warrior physical activity pattern in Latin America. The results suggest that even busy adults could benefit from taking part in one or two sessions of exercise per week.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study

O'Donovan,

Petermann-Rocha,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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“…We developed and calibrated an ABM which enabled a policy-oriented exploration of commuting patterns in an LMIC urban setting, characterized by high levels of necessity-based walking and inequality. Grounded in the unique context of Bogotá, Colombia, our systems approach to understanding and promoting physical activity in LMICs directly addresses recent calls within the field [ 14 , 54 ]. Moreover, while our model integrated factors normatively represented in transport-related decision-making models, such as spatial accessibility and the affordability of varying forms of transportation, our model uniquely attended to other system-level influences that feature within commuters’ decision-making process, such as personal safety from crime and peer influences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering physical activity trade-offs in transportation policy: A spatial agent-based model of Bogotá, Colombia

Stankov,

Meisel,

Sarmiento

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Transportation policies can impact health outcomes while simultaneously promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the impacts of fare subsidies and congestion taxes on commuter decision-making and travel patterns. We report effects on mode share, travel time and transport-related physical activity (PA), including the variability of effects by socioeconomic strata (SES), and the trade-offs that may need to be considered in the implementation of these policies in a context with high levels of necessity-based physical activity. Methods The ABM design was informed by local stakeholder engagement. The demographic and spatial characteristics of the in-silico city, and its residents, were informed by local surveys and empirical studies. We used ridership and travel time data from the 2019 Bogotá Household Travel Survey to calibrate and validate the model by SES. We then explored the impacts of fare subsidy and congestion tax policy scenarios. Results Our model reproduced commuting patterns observed in Bogotá, including substantial necessity-based walking for transportation. At the city-level, congestion taxes fractionally reduced car use, including among mid-to-high SES groups but not among low SES commuters. Neither travel times nor physical activity levels were impacted at the city level or by SES. Comparatively, fare subsidies promoted city-level public transportation (PT) ridership, particularly under a ‘free-fare’ scenario, largely through reductions in walking trips. ‘Free fare’ policies also led to a large reduction in very long walking times and an overall reduction in the commuting-based attainment of physical activity guidelines. Differential effects were observed by SES, with free fares promoting PT ridership primarily among low-and-middle SES groups. These shifts to PT reduced median walking times among all SES groups, particularly low-SES groups. Moreover, the proportion of low-to-mid SES commuters meeting weekly physical activity recommendations decreased under the 'freefare' policy, with no change observed among high-SES groups. Conclusions Transport policies can differentially impact SES-level disparities in necessity-based walking and travel times. Understanding these impacts is critical in shaping transportation policies that balance the dual aims of reducing SES-level disparities in travel time (and time poverty) and the promotion of choice-based physical activity.

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“…In particular, walking for transport is part of everyday life in communities where there are low levels of income and high levels of informal work (9,10) (walking may be a light-intensity activity or a moderate-intensity activity, depending on age and fitness [11]). In the city of Bogotá in Colombia, for example, many people participate in more than 300 min of light-intensity physical activity per day (12) and spend more than 180 min traveling to and from work each day (13). To the best of our knowledge, there are no cohort studies about the longitudinal associations between physical activity and obesity in adults in Colombia or elsewhere in Latin America.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Obesity Risk in Adults in Colombia: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study

O’DONOVAN,

MARTÍNEZ,

LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ

et al. 2024

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose To investigate longitudinal associations between physical activity levels and obesity in adults in Colombia, where participation in large amounts of light-intensity physical activity is a necessity for many people. Methods Participation in moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity was assessed from 2005 to 2009 and obesity was assessed from 2011 to 2019 in men and women from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Total physical activity level was categorized as low (<600 MET-min/week), medium (600-3,000 MET-min/week), or high (>3,000 MET-min/week) (600 MET-min/week is equivalent to 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week). Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, diet, alcohol, sedentary time, and sleep. Results The main analysis included 3,086 men and women aged 51 ± 9 years at baseline (mean ± SD). Compared to the low physical activity group, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for obesity was 0.67 (0.53, 0.85) in the medium physical activity group, and 0.78 (0.62, 0.98) in the high physical activity group after adjustment for potential confounders. Smoking is probably a major confounder and it is noteworthy that similar associations were observed in participants who reported never smoking. Conclusions The PURE study is the only prospective cohort study in Colombia. The present analysis is important because it suggests that even the busy people of Colombia could substantially reduce their risk of obesity by participating in moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity.

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Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogotá, Colombia

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study

Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study

Uncovering physical activity trade-offs in transportation policy: A spatial agent-based model of Bogotá, Colombia

Physical Activity and Obesity Risk in Adults in Colombia: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study

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