Effects of Anesthesia &amp; Anesthetic techniques on Cellular Immunity

doi:10.15406/jaccoa.2017.07.00283

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…These surgeries are conducted under general anesthetics, therefore, the impact of anesthetics on immune cell populations and microbial populations is an important factor to consider. Anesthesia has immunosuppressive effects and the breath of its impact is dependent on the type of anesthetic (intravenous or volatile), and the type of surgery and its duration ( MedCrave, 2017 ). The clinical impact of anesthesia on immune cell populations is not currently completely understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2022

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Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions are prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and occur at all strata of CD4 counts and despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). ENT conditions are underreported in PLWH. Also, little is known about the adenotonsillar microbiota and its relation to resident adaptive and innate immune cells. To bridge this gap, we characterized immune cell populations and the bacterial microbiota of two anatomical sites (adenoids, tonsils) and the oral cavity. Adenoids and tonsils were obtained from PLWH (n = 23) and HIV-seronegative individuals (SN, n = 16) after nasal surgery and tonsillectomy and processed for flow cytometry. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swabs, and oral rinses were collected prior to surgery for 16S sequencing. Wilcoxon rank sum test, principal coordinate analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) were used to assess differences between PLWH and SN. Spearman’s correlations were performed to explore interactions between the bacteriome and mucosal immune cells. Of the 39 individuals included, 30 (77%) were men; the median age was 32 years. All PLWH were on ART, with a median CD4 of 723 cells. ENT conditions were classified as inflammatory or obstructive, with no differences observed between PLWH and SN. PLWH had higher frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, increased T helper (Th)1 and decreased Th2 cells; no differences were observed for B cells and innate immune cells. Alpha diversity was comparable between PLWH and SN at all 3 anatomical sites (adenoids, tonsils, and oral cavity). The impact of HIV infection on the bacterial community structure at each site, as determined by Permutational multivariate analysis of variance, was minor and not significant. Two discriminant genera were identified in adenoids using LEfSe: Staphylococcus for PLWH and Corynebacterium for SN. No discriminant genera were identified in the oropharynx and oral cavity. Niche-specific differences in microbial diversity and communities were observed. PLWH shared less of a core microbiota than SN. In the oropharynx, correlation analysis revealed that Th17 cells were inversely correlated with bacterial richness and diversity, Filifactor, Actinomyces and Treponema; and positively correlated with Streptococcus. Our study contributes toward understanding the role of the adenotonsillar microbiota in the pathophysiology of ENT conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2022

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Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines

et al. 2021

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Immunocompromised patients are a heterogeneous and diffuse category frequently presenting to the emergency department with acute surgical diseases. Diagnosis and treatment in immunocompromised patients are often complex and must be multidisciplinary. Misdiagnosis of an acute surgical disease may be followed by increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of surgical disease occur; these patients may seek medical assistance late because their symptoms are often ambiguous. Also, they develop unique surgical problems that do not affect the general population. Management of this population must be multidisciplinary.This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E), World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), and Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS) joined guidelines about the management of acute abdomen in immunocompromised patients.

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Effects of Anesthesia & Anesthetic techniques on Cellular Immunity

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines

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