Effects of anesthetics on early postoperative cognitive outcome and intraoperative cerebral oxygen balance in patients undergoing lung surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Is the bispectral index monitoring protective against postoperative cognitive decline? A systematic review with meta-analysis

“…perioperative medications). However, previous studies [42,43,47] have suggested that certain intraoperative anaesthetic agents (e.g. propofol or volatile gases) may not affect POD and POCD; therefore, they are unlikely to distort our results.…”

“…The characteristics of the studies included and those excluded on full-text assessment are summarised in Table 1 [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and S1 Table [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], respectively.…”

Propofol compared with sevoflurane general anaesthesia is associated with decreased delayed neurocognitive recovery in older adults

“…16e19 Other studies have found no significant differences with respect to cognitive outcomes between propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia. 20,21 In contrast, yet another study found better cognitive outcome after sevoflurane than after propofol anaesthesia in patients with impaired cerebral oxygenation. 22 The reasons behind these conflicting findings are unknown.…”

“…Differences in methods for assessing cognitive outcomes could play a role. For example, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment have been used in some studies, 16,20,22 whereas more rigorous neuropsychological test batteries have been conducted in other studies. 17,19À21,23 Inclusion in research studies of a non-surgical control group is recommended to enable adjustment for learning effects from repeated neurocognitive tests.…”

Cognitive Dysfunction after Surgery: An Emergent Problem

“…However, results between propofol and anaesthetic inhalation are elusive. Egawa et al have not found significant differences on the POCD and the cerebral oxygenation, between propofol and sevoflurane, in patients undergoing lung surgery and the same results have also been confirmed by other authors, after minor surgery, highlighting the fact that inflammation is not the single cause [49,50]. Qiao et al have found, in a group of patients undergoing resection for oesophageal carcinoma, a significant reduction of the POCD in subjects anesthetised with propofol or after the administration of corticosteroids, thus highlighting the relevant role played by inflammation.…”