Effects of animal activity and air temperature on methane and ammonia emissions from a naturally ventilated building for dairy cows

Ngwabie, Ngwa Martin; Jeppsson, Knut-Håkan; Gustafsson, G.; Nimmermark, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.027

Cited by 108 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The correlation between enhanced CH 4 and CO 2 concentrations was the strongest (R ¼ 0.67 in B1; and 0.74 in B2) compared to either the interrelationships between CO 2 and N 2 O (R ¼ 0.26 in B1 and 0.20 in B2) or between CH 4 and N 2 O (R ¼ 0.10 in B1 and 0.20 in B2). The positive and high correlation between CH 4 and CO 2 concentrations is an indicator that the two gases were from a similar source or process (Bjerg et al, 2012;Ngwabie et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2012). These results were thus in line with literature; which attributes the source of CH 4 and CO 2 mainly to enteric fermentation and respiration in ruminants (Hamilton et al, 2010;Monteny et al, 2006;Jungbluth et al, 2001).…”

Section: Relationship Between N 2 O Ch 4 and Co 2 Enhanced Concentrasupporting

confidence: 91%

“…All measurement data were collected and stored on a desktop computer in the OFIS using custom software referred to as AirDAC (Ni and Heber, 2010). AirDAC also controlled the hardware from National Instruments Corporation (Austin, TX) and Measurement Computing Corporation (Norton, MA).…”

Section: Data Acquisition and System Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, unlike the totally enclosed mechanically ventilated housing, naturally ventilated dairy barns are more impacted by local weather conditions (Ngwabie et al, 2011;Monteny et al, 2001). Numerous studies have shown that heat stress, for example, which is a function of temperature and humidity affects both the performance and behavior of dairy cows (Nienaber and Hahn, 2007;West, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Greenhouse gas emissions from naturally ventilated freestall dairy barns

Joo

Ndegwa

Heber

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Relationship Between N 2 O Ch 4 and Co 2 Enhanced Concentrasupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Data Acquisition and System Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Greenhouse gas emissions from naturally ventilated freestall dairy barns

Joo

Ndegwa

Heber

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…As reported in the literature, this can lead to lower ventilation rates and could partly explain the differences observed in the present study (e.g. Kiwan et al, 2013;Ngwabie et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2016 (Wu et al, 2012). Cross ventilation in very open situations can also affect gas mixing behaviour (Demmers et al, 1998).…”

Section: Conventional Versus Very Open Ventilation Situationssupporting

confidence: 47%

“…SF 6 , Ikeguchi & Hideki, 2010;Scholtens et al, 2004;Schrade et al, 2012;Snell, Seipelt, & Van den Weghe, 2003;Zhang et al, 2005;or 85 Kr, Kiwan et al, 2013;Muller et al, 2007;Samer et al, 2011Samer et al, , 2012 e or released as metabolic products by the animals and the manure (e.g. CO 2 , Bjerg, Zhang, Madsen, & Rom, 2012;Kiwan et al, 2013;Muller et al, 2007;Ngwabie, Jeppsson, Gustafsson, & Nimmermark, 2011;Ngwabie, Jeppsson, Nimmermark, Swensson, & Gustafsson, 2009;Phillips et al, 2001;Rong, Liu, Pedersen, & Zhang, 2014;Saha et al, 2014;Samer et al, 2011Samer et al, , 2012Zhang et al, 2005). The CO 2 mass balance is a particular form of tracer gas method which is considered reliable, quite simple, fast and cheap for the estimation of ventilation rates and gaseous emissions in animal housings when compared to the use of artificial tracers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of CO2- and SF6- based tracer gas methods for the estimation of ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated dairy barn

Edouard

Mosquera

Dooren

et al. 2016

Biosystems Engineering

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Air flow rate CO 2 mass balance Tracer gasLivestock production is a source of numerous environmental problems caused by pollutant gas emissions. In naturally ventilated buildings, estimating air flow rate is complicated due to changing climatic conditions and the difficulties in identifying inlets and outlets. To date no undisputed reference measurement method has been identified. The objective of this paper was to compare CO 2 -and SF 6 -based tracer gas methods for the estimation of ventilation rates (VR CO2 vs. VR SF6 ) in naturally ventilated dairy barns both under conventional and very open ventilation situations with different spatial sampling strategies.Measurements were carried out in a commercial dairy barn, equipped with an injection system for the controlled release of SF 6 , and measurement points for the monitoring of SF 6 and CO 2 concentrations to consider both horizontal and vertical variability. Methods were compared by analysing daily mean VR CO2 =VR SF6 ratios. Using the average gas concentration over the barn length led to more accurate ventilation rates than using one single point in the middle of the barn. For conventional ventilation situations, measurements in the ridge seem to be more representative of the barn average than in the middle axis. For more open situations, both VR CO2 and VR SF6 were increased, VR CO2 =VR SF6 ratios being also more variable. Generally, both methods for the estimation of ventilation rates gave similar results, being 10e12% lower with the CO 2 mass balance method compared to SF 6 based measurements. The difference might be attributed to potential bias in both methods.

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From waste‐to‐worth: energy, emissions, and nutrient implications of manure processing pathways

Aguirre-Villegas

Larson

Reinemann

2014

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Four manure processing pathways are evaluated to provide a system-level understanding of their impacts on different sustainability indicators. In particular we look at how solid-liquid separation (SLS), anaerobic digestion (AD), and AD+SLS affect depletion of fossil fuels (DFF), nutrient balances, global warming potential (GWP), and ammonia emissions when compared to the base-case (BC) pathway of direct land application. Lifecycle sustainability assessment techniques are applied to develop inventory data and model a Wisconsin dairy farm. For the BC, net GWP is 101.2 kg CO 2 -eq, DFFS is 106.1 MJ, ammonia emissions are 2.62 kg, and nitrogen availability is 2.45 kg per ton of excreted manure. Net GWP is reduced in all pathways compared to BC by 19% for SLS, 48% for AD, and 47% for AD+SLS. DFF is reduced by 43% for AD and 40% for AD+SLS, but increased by 13% for SLS. Ammonia emissions are increased in all pathways by 2% for SLS, 40% for AD, and 44% for AD+SLS. Nitrogen availability remains the same in SLS but decreases in AD and AD+SLS due to higher ammonia volatilization, which could be reduced by injecting manure. Ratios of fossil energy (FER AD ) and energy return on investment (EROI AD ) of 3.7 and 0.98-1.8 are determined for AD pathways, compared to FER of 0.29 and EROI of 0.27 for grid electricity. When allocating results to specifi c outputs, variability can be reduced by applying system subdivision and allocation. Sensitivity analyses highlight the importance of reducing emissions during manure storage and the infl uence of changes in fertilizer and sand bedding.

show abstract

Effects of animal activity and air temperature on methane and ammonia emissions from a naturally ventilated building for dairy cows

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions from naturally ventilated freestall dairy barns

Greenhouse gas emissions from naturally ventilated freestall dairy barns

Comparison of CO2- and SF6- based tracer gas methods for the estimation of ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated dairy barn

From waste‐to‐worth: energy, emissions, and nutrient implications of manure processing pathways

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