Effects of anxiogenic drugs in rat forced swimming test

Skrebuhhova, T.; Allikmets, Lembit; Matto, V.

doi:10.1358/mf.1999.21.3.534826

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…255 Finally, 5-HT 2A receptors have been reported to mediate some of the antidepressant effects seen in experimental animal models of depression. 256 Three variations within the coding region of 5-HT 2A have been implicated in antidepressant response: 102T>C (rs 6313) 176 and 1438G>A (rs6311) 190,257 and 1420C>T, 153 although results were not unequivocal and some findings not replicated. 52,83,85,116,153,185,258 The variants 102T>C and 1438G>A are 2 of the most investigated polymorphisms of this gene: they are in linkage disequilibrium, and they can be considered together.…”

Section: Serotonin 2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response

Porcelli

Drago

Fabbri

et al. 2011

J Psychiatry Neurosci

160

103

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87Personalized medicine -the adaptation of therapies based on an individual's genetic and molecular profile -is one of the most promising aspects of modern medicine. The identification of the relation between genotype and drug response, including both the therapeutic effect and side effect profile, is expected to deeply affect medical practice. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the genes related to antidepressant treatment response and provide methodologic proposals for future studies. We have mainly focused on genes associated with pharmacodynamics, for which a list of promising genes has been identified despite some inconsistency across studies. We have also synthesized the main results for pharmacokinetic genes, although so far they seem less relevant than those for pharmaco dynamic genes. We discuss possible reasons for these inconsistent findings and propose new study designs.

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Section: Serotonin 2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response

Porcelli

Drago

Fabbri

et al. 2011

J Psychiatry Neurosci

160

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The FST is commonly used to assess manipulations that induce depression-like behaviors [31,32] and antidepressant effects in rats and mice [33] . With some methodological alterations, this test was successfully used to evaluate depression-like behavior in sand rats [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Behavioral Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressants Reverse Short-Photoperiod-Induced, Forced Swim Test Depression-Like Behavior in the Diurnal Fat Sand Rat: Further Support for the Utilization of Diurnal Rodents for Modeling Affective Disorders

et al. 2011

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Recent findings demonstrate strong links between abnormalities in circadian rhythms and sleep and the etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of major affective disorders. Further exploration of these interactions requires the development, identification and utilization of good and predictive animal models. The biology and behavior related to circadian rhythms are significantly different in diurnal and nocturnal rodents. Accordingly, it is possible that exploring the interactions between these mechanisms and affective change in diurnal animals may be advantageous. Recent studies demonstrate that diurnal fat sand rats and Nile grass rats show depression-like behavior when maintained under short-photoperiod (SP) conditions compared with animals maintained under neutral photoperiod (NP) conditions. Moreover, these behaviors were ameliorated after treatment with bright light. The present study further explores the possible utility of sand rats as animal models by testing the effects of antidepressants on the SP-induced depression-like behaviors of sand rats. Sand rats maintained in SP or NP conditions for 3 weeks were treated subchronically (5 injections) with the clinically effective antidepressant bupropion, and their behavior was tested in a number of depression-related tests. Results show that antidepressant treatment reverses the effects of SP conditions in the forced swim test, but that neither SP conditions nor antidepressants influenced sweet solution preference. These results partly support the validity of the sand rat model, but suggest that not all tests that were validated in nocturnal laboratory rodents can be applied to other rodent species and that additional tests should be applied to further explore the validity of the model.

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“…9 Several studies have found that WKY rats show reduced responsiveness to tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) compared to Brown Norway, Lewis, Fisher 344 (F344), 11 and Sprague Dawley (SD) 14 rats, while others have reported increased responsiveness to TCA antidepressants. 15 Fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI) has variable effects on FST behavior in several strains, [15][16][17][18] although WKY appears to be particularly resistant 15 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Selectively bred Wistar–Kyoto rats: an animal model of depression and hyper-responsiveness to antidepressants

2003

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The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain demonstrates endogenous hormonal and behavioral abnormalities that emulate many of those found in symptom-presenting depressive patients. Evidence suggests that the WKY strain may harbor heterogeneity not found in other inbred strains, including greater behavioral and genetic variability. We took advantage of this variability and selectively bred WKY for 'depressive' behavior using immobility in the forced swim test (FST) as a functional selector. Successive generations of selective breeding resulted in rats that exhibited the extremes of immobility in the FST: 'WKY most immobile' (WMI) and 'WKY least immobile' (WLI). Male WMI rats also showed significantly decreased activity in the open field test (OFT). Plasma corticosterone (CORT) response to restraint stress was significantly lower and less variable in WMI compared to WLI males. Subacute treatment of males with several classes of antidepressant had different effects on FST behavior in the two substrains. Both desipramine (10 mg/kg body weight), a tricyclic antidepressant, and phenelzine (7.5 mg/kg), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, significantly and drastically decreased FST immobility in WMI. In contrast, WLI showed a limited response to these antidepressants. Neither substrain responded to fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. These data show that selective breeding of WKY rats has resulted in two substrains with reduced variability and differing responsiveness to antidepressants, which represent a novel means to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying depressive behavior. Molecular Psychiatry (2003) WKY rats are hyper-reactive to stress and show dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes. We previously showed that compared to Wi rats, basal plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels of WKY rats remain significantly higher for several hours after the diurnal peak. 2 They also display increased steadystate levels of anterior pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and exaggerated plasma ACTH responses to acute and chronic stress compared to other rat strains. 3,4 A number of laboratories have found that WKY rats exhibit depressive-like behavior in a wide range of accepted behavioral paradigms. Increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST), considered as a measure of depressive-like behavior, 5-7 has been found in many studies. [8][9][10][11][12] Among other assessments of depressive or anxious behavior, WKY rats also show decreased activity in the open field test (OFT), a measure of anxiety/fear, 9,13 and in the defensive burying test (DB), a potential measure of passive coping. 9 Several studies have found that WKY rats show reduced responsiveness to tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) compared to Brown Norway, Lewis, Fisher 344 (F344), 11 and Sprague Dawley (SD) 14 rats, while others have reported increased responsiveness to TCA antidepressants. 15 Fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibito...

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Effects of anxiogenic drugs in rat forced swimming test

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response

Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response

Antidepressants Reverse Short-Photoperiod-Induced, Forced Swim Test Depression-Like Behavior in the Diurnal Fat Sand Rat: Further Support for the Utilization of Diurnal Rodents for Modeling Affective Disorders

Selectively bred Wistar–Kyoto rats: an animal model of depression and hyper-responsiveness to antidepressants

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