Effects of applied electric fields on clinical cases of complete paraplegia in dogs

Rb, Borgens; Jp, Toombs; Ar, Blight; Me, McGinnis; Ms, Bauer; Wr, Widmer; Cook,

doi:10.3233/rnn-1993-55601

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because the PEG injection can be made many hours after injury, and still result in marked behavioral and physiological recovery in guinea pig SCI models (this report; see also Borgens and Shi, 2000), we have begun clinical testing of an intravenous (IV) PEG administration to severe, acute, natural cases of paraplegia in dogs (as used in Blight et al, 1991; Borgens et al, 1993, 1999). In this new trial, IV PEG administration is performed before, and after, the routine surgical management of spinal injured dogs within the first ∼24 hr post injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid recovery from spinal cord injury after subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol

Borgens

Bohnert

2001

J of Neuroscience Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arguably a seminal event in most trauma and disease is the breakdown of the cell membrane. In most cells, this is first observed as a collapse of the axolemmas barrier properties allowing a derangement of ions to occur, leading to a progressive dissolution of the cell or its process. We have shown that an artificial sealing of mechanically damaged membranes by topical application of hydrophilic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) immediately restores variable levels of nerve impulse conduction through the lesion. This was documented by a rapid recovery of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) conduction, and by recovery of the cutaneous trunchi muscle (CTM) reflex in PEG-treated animals. The CTM reflex is a sensorimotor behavior dependent on an intact (and identified) white matter tract within the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord, and is thus an excellent index of white matter integrity. We show that PEG can be safely introduced into the bloodstream by several routes of administration. Using a fluorescein decorated PEG, we demonstrate that the polymer specifically targets the hemorrhagic contusion of the adult guinea pig spinal cord when administered through the vasculature, but not intact regions of the spinal cord. A single subcutaneous injection (30% weight by weight in sterile saline) made 6 hr after a standardized spinal cord contusion in adult guinea pigs was sufficient to produce a rapid recovery of SSEP propagation through the lesion in only PEG-treated animals, accompanied by a statistically significant recovery of the CTM reflex. These data suggest that parenterally administered PEG may be a novel treatment for not only spinal injury, but head injury and stroke as well.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid recovery from spinal cord injury after subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol

Borgens

Bohnert

2001

J of Neuroscience Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1), and a videotaped neurological examination that evaluated the hindlimbs for (1) superficial and deep pain, (2) conscious proprioception (hindlimb placement), (3) load-bearing and voluntary locomotion, and (4) segmental spinal reflex testing (patellar, flexor withdrawal, cranial, tibial and gastrocnemius reflexes). Results of the neurological examination were also used as functional measures of outcome and were quantitatively scored using previously reported techniques and methods (Borgens et al, 1993 briefly described below. All dogs admitted to the study had severe clinical signs of compressive SCI, secondary to severe acute disk herniation.…”

Section: Overview: Admission and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when compared to laboratory models of SCI, the most severe SCI in dogs does not reveal a pronounced spontaneous recovery as observed in many rodents (Henry, 1975;Hoerlein, 1979;Borgens, 1992). We have exploited this lack of responsiveness to conventional and experimental management in this and in previous studies (Borgens et al, 1993Blight et al, 1991) as a means to further evaluate possible therapies for SCI prior to clinical tests in human beings (Hansebout et al, 1993;Hayes et al, 1993;Shapiro et al, 2004). Here we provide preliminary results of intravenous injection of PEG or P 188 under such clinical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study of Intravenous Surfactants in Paraplegic Dogs: Polymer Therapy in Canine Clinical SCI

Laverty

Leskovar²,

Breur

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurotrauma

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrophilic polymers, both surfactants and triblock polymers, are known to seal defects in cell membranes. In previous experiments using laboratory animals, we have exploited this capability using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to repair spinal axons after severe, standardized spinal cord injury (SCI) in guinea pigs. Similar studies were conducted using a related co-polymer Poloxamer 188 (P 188). Here we carried out initial investigations of an intravenous application of PEG or P 188 (3500 Daltons, 30% w/w in saline; 2 mL/kg I.V. and 2 mL/kg body weight or 300 mL P 188 per kg, respectively) to neurologically complete cases of paraplegia in dogs. Our aim was to first determine if this is a clinically safe procedure in cases of severe naturally occurring SCI in dogs. Secondarily, we wanted to obtain preliminary evidence if this therapy could be of clinical benefit when compared to a larger number of similar, but historical, control cases. Strict entry criteria permitted recruitment of only neurologically complete paraplegic dogs into this study. Animals were treated by a combination of conventional and experimental techniques within approximately 72 h of admission for spinal trauma secondary to acute, explosive disk herniation. Outcome measures consisted of measurements of voluntary ambulation, deep and superficial pain perception, conscious proprioception in hindlimbs, and evoked potentials (somatosensory evoked potentials [SSEP]). We determined that polymer injection is a safe adjunct to the conventional management of severe neurological injury in dogs. We did not observe any unacceptable clinical response to polymer injection; there were no deaths, nor any other problem arising from, or associated with, the procedures. Outcome measures over the 6-8-week trial were improved by polymer injection when compared to historical cases. This recovery was unexpectedly rapid compared to these comparator groups. The results of this pilot trial provides evidence consistent with the notion that the injection of inorganic polymers in acute neurotrauma may be a simple and useful intervention during the acute phase of the injury.

show abstract

“…Neurites preferentially grow towards the cathode of an applied electric field and are resorbed from the anode [1]. This characteristic leads to the development of oscillating field stimulation (OFS), an extra-spinal treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillating field stimulation promotes spinal cord remyelination by inducing differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells after spinal cord injury

Zhang

Rong

et al. 2014

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Demyelination is part of the cascading secondary injury after the primary insult and contributes to the loss of function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are the main remyelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS). We explored whether oscillating field stimulation (OFS) could efficiently promote OPC differentiation and improve remyelination after SCI. SD rats with SCI induced by the Allen method were randomly divided into two groups, the SCI+OFS group and SCI group. The former group received active stimulator units and the latter group received sham (inoperative) stimulator units. Additionally, rats that only received laminectomy were referred as the sham group. The electric field intensity was 600ȝV/mm, and the polarity was alternated every 15 minutes. The results showed that the SCI+OFS rats had significantly less demyelination and better locomotor function recovery after 12-weeks treatment. The OFS treatment significantly increased the number of Gal C-positive OPCs after 2-weeks treatment. Furthermore, these rats had higher protein expression of oligodendroglial transcription factors Olig2 and NKx2.2. These findings suggest OFS can promote locomotor recovery and remyelination in SCI rats and this effect may be related to the improved differentiation of OPCs in the spinal cord.

show abstract

Effects of applied electric fields on clinical cases of complete paraplegia in dogs

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Rapid recovery from spinal cord injury after subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol

Rapid recovery from spinal cord injury after subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol

A Preliminary Study of Intravenous Surfactants in Paraplegic Dogs: Polymer Therapy in Canine Clinical SCI

Oscillating field stimulation promotes spinal cord remyelination by inducing differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells after spinal cord injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About