“…Such deformations cause severe changes in strains and stresses. The geometry of the arch is an influential parameter on its load-bearing capacity (Cai et al, 2012;Bateni and Eslami, 2015;Bradford et al, 2015;Rezaiee-Pajand and Rajabzadeh-Safaei, 2016). In addition, various loadings (e.g., the sinusoidal (Plaut and Johnson, 1981), concentrated (Pi et al, 2008;Chandra et al, 2012;Tsiatas and Babouskos, 2017), distributed (Moghaddasie and Stanciulescu, 2013b) and end moment loads (Chen and Liao, 2005;Chen and Lin, 2005)), geometric imperfections (Virgin et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2015a), and boundary conditions (Pi and Bradford, 2012;Pi and Bradford, 2013;Han et al, 2016) are other important factors in the structural design.…”