Effects of aquatic exercise and CES treatment on the changes of cognitive function, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF of persons with intellectual disabilities

Seo, Eun Jung; Lim, In Soo

doi:10.5717/jenb.2014.18.1.19

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As generally the less initial level, the greater evolutionary mage (Sibley and Beilock 2007), the greater cognitive functions improvement in individuals with ID compared with controls could be explained by their lower BDNF level resulting in decreased complex cognitive functions (Han et al 2013). More importantly, Lee et al (2014b) showed that physical exercise increases the blood BDNF in individuals with ID and this increase was associated with the rise of WM after exercise (Lee et al 2014b). In addition, BDNF concentration acted on hippocampal function (Liu and Nusslock 2018) that had a crucial role in visual-spatial memory especially in Corsi test (Toepper et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability

Affes

Borji

Zarrouk

et al. 2020

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background This study explored the effect of running exercises at low [30% heart rate reserve (HRR)] and moderate (60%HRR) intensities on cognitive performances in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Methods Participants performed randomly reaction time (RT) tests: visual RT [simple RT (SRT) and choice RT (CRT)], auditory SRT (ASRT) and working memory (WM) (Corsi test) before and after the exercises. Results The results showed that after both exercises, SRT decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both groups with higher extent (P < 0.05) at 60%HRR compared with 30%HRR. CRT decreased (P < 0.01), similarly, after the both exercises in both groups with higher (P < 0.001) extent in the intellectual disability group (IDG). ASRT decreased significantly, at 30% HRR, in IDG (P < 0.001) and in control group (CG) (P < 0.01) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). At 60%HRR, ASRT decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). The ΔASRT% was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 30%HRR compared with 60% HRR in IDG. In CG, no significant (P = 0.21) difference was reported between intensities. The Corsi forward and the Corsi backward scores increased significantly (P < 0.01) in both groups after both intensities with higher extent in IDG (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that low and moderate running exercises improve similarly simple and choice visual RT as well as WM in individuals with ID. Furthermore, low-intensity exercise could be more appropriate to enhance ASRT compared the moderate one in these individuals. Therefore, low-intensity exercise seems to be an efficient strategy to improve cognitive performances in individuals with ID.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, Lee et al . (2014b) showed that physical exercise increases the blood BDNF in individuals with ID and this increase was associated with the rise of WM after exercise (Lee et al . 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability

Affes

Borji

Zarrouk

et al. 2020

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…Of all the neurotrophins, BDNF is considered most susceptible to regulation by exercise and physical activity, and it acts at the interface of metabolism and brain plasticity [1,132]. Consequently, exercise and BDNF have been associated with reduced symptoms of depression and the promotion of cognitive enhancement [141]. Therefore, exercise can influence the epigenome to reduce depression and enhance cognitive abilities [1,7,142].…”

Section: Effects Of Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults

et al. 2015

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The aim of this review was to highlight the potent effects of intermittent fasting on the cognitive performance of athletes at rest and during exercise. Exercise interacts with dietary factors and has a positive effect on brain functioning. Furthermore, physical activity and exercise can favorably influence brain plasticity. Mounting evidence indicates that exercise, in combination with diet, affects the management of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity by affecting molecular mechanisms through brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an essential neurotrophin that acts at the interface of metabolism and plasticity. The literature has also shown that certain aspects of physical performance and mental health, such as coping and decision-making strategies, can be negatively affected by daylight fasting. However, there are several types of intermittent fasting. These include caloric restriction, which is distinct from fasting and allows subjects to drink water ad libitum while consuming a very low-calorie food intake. Another type is Ramadan intermittent fasting, which is a religious practice of Islam, where healthy adult Muslims do not eat or drink during daylight hours for 1 month. Other religious practices in Islam (Sunna) also encourage Muslims to practice intermittent fasting outside the month of Ramadan. Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that intermittent fasting has crucial effects on physical and intellectual performance by affecting various aspects of bodily physiology and biochemistry that could be important for athletic success. Moreover, recent findings revealed that immunological variables are also involved in cognitive functioning and that intermittent fasting might impact the relationship between cytokine expression in the brain and cognitive deficits, including memory deficits.

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“…The chronic aquatic exercise programs ranged from 7 days to 6 months, whereas several studies employed a single bout of aquatic exercise [9,14]. Most of the aquatic exercise programs focused on aquatic exercise alone, whereas some evaluated it in combination with cranial electrotherapy stimulation [8], cognitive training [15][16], and land-based exercise training [17]. The cognitive outcomes varied, including global measures of cognition (e.g., MMSE; Mini-Mental State Exam), executive function, attention, learning and memory, language fluency, cognitive communication, cerebral oxygenation, and biomarkers (e.g., BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1)) of cognitive function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 13 studies, 12 were experimental studies, whereas one was a case study [12]. Among the 12 experimental studies, 9 were conducted among middle-age to older adults, with 2 occurring among children/adolescents [7][8] and 1 among young adults [9]. Samples included healthy individuals, as well as those with intellectual disabilities [8], ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) [7], fibromyalgia [10][11], mild cognitive impairment [9], Alzheimer's disease [12], and multiple sclerosis [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cognitive Function: Systematic Review

Loprinzi¹

2019

obm icm

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The objective of this brief systematic review was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on cognitive function. Studies were identified using electronic databases, including PubMed, PsychInfo, Sports Discus and Google Scholar. In total, 13 articles met the inclusionary criteria. Among the 13 studies, all 13 demonstrated beneficial cognitive effects from exercise. This included chronic aquatic exercise-induced improvements in global cognition, executive function, attention, learning and memory, cognitively-related biomarkers (e.g., BDNF) and cerebral oxygenation. For the two acute aquatic studies, listening errors, via an auditory vigilance task, was reduced when participants were emerged in chest-deep water, when compared to on land. These beneficial effects appear to occur across multiple populations, including children, adolescents, young adults and older adults with various conditions, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and fibromyalgia.

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Effects of aquatic exercise and CES treatment on the changes of cognitive function, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF of persons with intellectual disabilities

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability

Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability

Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults

The Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cognitive Function: Systematic Review

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